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APUSH ch 27+28
TEST 12/13
31
History
11th Grade
12/10/2012

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Cards

Term
Define:
Open Door Policy
Definition
-Europeans wanted to imperialize after Japan beat China
-Worried Amercans
-missionaries, because work was there
-merchants, because they feared Euros would monopolize Chinese markets
-In 1890s, tho, John Hay dispatched the Open Door note
-stick to your spheres of influence
-fair competition
-respect certain Chinese rights
-Imperialist powers signed it barring Russia
-Boxer Rebellion (see other card)
-Later recognized territorial integrity of China (saved from partition like Africa) (Root-Takahira Agreement, 1908)
Term
Boxer Rebellion
Definition
1890s-1900
-Chinese rebels who protested control by Western powers
-Known as "boxers" for training in martial arts
-"Kill Foreign Devils"
-murdered >2,000 foreigners, even more Chinese Christians
-besieged foreign capital in Beijing
-Troops of Kaiser tried to quash rebellion
-Ultimately crushed by multinational force of 18,000
-Made China pay $333 mil for damages
-America gave back $18 mil for its share when it found it was too much, used it to educate Chinese students in America
Term
TR's ascent to vice presidency/election
Definition
1900
-Boss Platt hated TR as governor of NY, when the latter was hard on corruption and did not give the bosses or corporations any free rides
-Platt convinced Hanna to put TR on McKinley ticket, as the VP job would really mark the end of TR's policial career
-TR campaigned relentlessly, a strong suit of his
-Became president when McKinley was assassinated a few months into his second term
Dems:
-Bryan
-Against imperialism
Term
McKinley assasination
Definition
1901
-Leon Czolgosz
C Z O L G O S Z
-anarchist
-anarchists thought he was a spy
-@ Pan-American Conference in Buffalo
-TR: "I'm going to carry on McKinley's policy"
-"I'm going to count this as one term"
Term
"Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far"
Definition
-1900s
-foreign policy=negotiations, having a strong army
-imperialism
-"Yankee Pond"
Exs of milt. muscle
-Panama Canal
-Roosevelt Corollary
-anthracite coal strike
-G.W. fleet
Term
Panama Canal
Definition
1900s-1910s
Necessity:
-Mobilize army at both ends of the country (see: battleship Oregon)
-trade
-defend recent island acquisitions
-Got around Clayton-Bulwer Treaty with Britain, busied with South African Boer War
-Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1900s)
-Experts wanted canal built in Nicaragua
-France wanted to get out of their canal project, which was costing them money
-French Canal Co., Bunau-Varilla lobby for it.
-send Congress a letter with a stamp of volcano in Nicaragua
-Panama was part of Columbia, so U.S. paid the gov't $10 mil, annual $250k payment for canal
-Columbia refused
-Panama revolted
-U.S. said, "Hey. We've got to protect the people of Latin America via the Monroe Doctrine. So we're not letting you suppress this rebellion"
-Hay-Bunau-Varilla treaty signed shortly after, construction began in 1904
-Roosevelt visited canal (first sitting president to leave office) to "watch dirt fly"
-Yellow-fever-curer Gorgas made canal zone "safe as a health resort"
-Col. Goethals finished it
Term
Roosevelt Corollary
Definition
1900s
-Add-on to Monroe Doctrine
-Latin American debt to European powers worried America that they would imperialise the countries
-Corollary:
-"Preventative intervention"
-any indebted nations would be taken over - aka the customshouses, have their debts paid, and anyone else shoved off miltarily
-Took place with the DR, Cuba
Term
Russo-Japanese conflict
Definition
1904
-TR was asked to negotiate peace treaty
-Japan had waged war with Russia, since it felt like their occupation in China was threatening to the former
-They beat them for a while - a big deal for a non-European country, but the Japanese were weakening, and they did not want Russia to know
-TR agreed - he did not want Russia to totally collapse, to provide a counterweight to Japan's growing power
-Japan's end of the deal:
-no cash indemnity
-no Russian evacuation of Sakhalin Island
-Did get Korea tho
-Japan was mad anyway - felt like it had won
-Russia was mad, as it felt like it had been deprived of victory
-TR also helped arrange peace talks for North African disputes
-earned him Nobel Peace Prize
Term
Gentlemen's Agreement
Definition
1900s
-Lots of (educated) Japanese were coming to America because they didn't like the direction the country was going in
-Also a lot of laborers
-Racists freaked out
-San Francisco school board wanted to force Asian students to go to a segregated school
-Japan was way offended
-TR conducted an agreement:
-San Francisco would let the kids go to one school
-Japan would stop granting passports to America, except for:
-parents, wives, and children of established residents
-former residents
-established agricultural settlers
-prompted G.W. Fleet trip
Term
Define: Brownsville Affair
Definition
-When a white bartender was killed and a police officer wounded by gunshot, townspeople accused the members of the 25th Infantry Regiment, a unit of Buffalo Soldiers stationed at nearby Fort Brown. Although commanders said the soldiers had been in the barracks all night, evidence was planted against them.
-President Theodore Roosevelt ordered their dishonorable discharge
-no civil service jobs
-Found out he was wrong, but couldn't admit it
Term
Elkins Act
Definition
1903
-No giving/accepting rebates, or there's a fine
Term
Hepburn Act
Definition
1906
-No free passes - you have to be fair to ALL manufacturers
-Interstate Commerce Commission was expanded to include express cos., sleeping-car cos., and pipelines
-able to enforce stuff
Term
TR "the trust-buster"
Definition
1900s
-really thought there were good/bad trusts
-Wasn't so sure it was good economic policy, but wanted to let corps know that they were subject to regulation by the gov't
-Brought a lawsuit against Northern Securities Co., owned by J.P. Morgan and James J. Hill, which had a virtual monopoly over railroads in the Northeast
-ordered by the Supreme Court to break the company down

-gave blessing for Morgan's U.S. Steel to absorb Tennessee Coal and Iron Co.
Term
Consumer Protection
Definition
MEAT!
-Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle" exposed horrible sanitation of Chicago meatpacking industry (1906)
-real aim was to expose plight of immigrant workers then
-Meat Inspection Act (1906)
-meat prepped over state lines was subject to fed. inspection
-drove out little guys, helped nat'l chains, who got a stamp of approval
-Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
-no adulteration/mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals
Term
Desert Land Act
Definition
1877
-fed. gov't sold land cheaply if the purchaser agreed to irrigate the soil w/in 3 yrs
Term
Forest Reserve Act
Definition
1891
-authorized pres to set aside public forests as nat'l parks and other reserves
Term
Carey Act
Definition
1894
-distributed land to the states on the condition that it was irrigated and settled.
Term
Newlands Act
Definition
1902
Gov't authorized to collect $ from the sale of public lands and then use the funds for irrigation projects
Term
Pinchot v. Muir
Definition
"rational use," head of Division of Forestry
v.
strict preservationist in Sierra Club

both conservationists
Term
Jack London
Definition
Call of the Wild (1903) made city-dwellers long for nature as an escape
Sierra Club (1892), Boy Scouts (1910) were likewise
Term
"The preservationists lost a major battle in YEAR when the federal gov't allowed the city of WHAT to build a damn for its municipal water supply in WHERE?
Definition
1913, San Fran, Hetch Hetchy Valley
Muir was not pleased
Term
When did the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire occur?
Definition
1911
Term
Aldrich-Vreeland Act
Definition
1908
-authorized nat'l banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral
-precursor to Federal Reserve Act of 1913
Term
Roosevelt Panic
Definition
-bosses said it was from TR's trust busting
-1907
-lasted a few months
-Wall Street really wanted the panic to last after the election
-called attention to need for more elastic medium of exchange
Term
Taft's shortcomings
Definition
-no zest, personality of a political leader like TR
-More mild progressive...still sided with old guard economically (?)
-U.S. Steel busting
-busted more trusts than TR, conserved more land
-fired some of TR's staff
Term
Berger
Definition
-socialist elected to Congress in 1910
Term
Taft & Conservation
Definition
-conserved more than TR
-established Bureau of Mines
-Erased w/ Ballinger-Pinchot quarrel of 1910
-Sec. of Interior Ballinger opened public lands in the West, and was criticized by Pinchot, who was head of the Agriculture Dept's Chief of Forestry
-Taft fired Pinchot on narrow grounds of insubordination
Term
Dollar Diplomacy
Definition
1900s-1910s (and beyond)
-Taft encouraged Wall Street to give surplus $ to foreign areas of strategic concern
-supposed to strengthen American defense and foreign policy, while giving prosperity to homeland, too.
-Knox implemented this in China's Manchuria, where Knox and some other American/foreign bankers buy the railroads and give them back to the Chinese under a self-liquidating arrangement
-Russia and Japan rejected this
-Lots of $ went to DR, Nicaragua, Honduras and Haiti, Caribbean in general
Term
Election of 1812
Definition
-TR thought Taft was inept @ presidency
-"Oh, I meant three CONSECUTIVE terms...eh heh."
-Old guard got Taft the nomination
-faction split from old guard, campaigned for TR
-Wilson won for the Dems in the end anyway
Term
When was the 17th Amendement passed? What'd it do?
Definition
-1913, direct election of senators - progressive reform
-no more hand-picking by bosses
Term
When was the 18th Amendement passed? What'd it do?
Definition
1910s
-Prohibition
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