Term
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Definition
-Pulitzer-NY World
-Hearst-NY Journal
-Hearst-Cisneros
-Hearst-Remington illustrates war
-peaked in 90s, around Sp.-Amer War, started to subside in 00s. Origins in 80s.
-started Sp-Amer War
-False/exaggerated stories
-Hearst- Sp. Amer
-"Anything to Sell a Paper" |
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Term
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Definition
-Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis
-We should spread American religion, values to "backward" peoples
-80s |
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Term
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Definition
-The Influence of Sea Power upon History
-90s
-If you want to be an imperialist nation, you need a strong army
-necessitated Panama Canal, esp. after Oregon incident
-Everyone made bigger navies then |
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Term
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Definition
-Blaine
-Pan-American Conference in 80s
-We should open Latin American markets to U.S. |
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Term
| Diplomatic Crises (not Britain) |
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Definition
-80s -
Germany - fought over Samoan Islands
-split into two nations
-formally in 90s
-90s-
Venezuela (Valparaiso)
-
11 Italians lynched @ New Orleans
-we paid
Chile (2 Amers died in Santiago)
-scary, because Chile had modern army
-Chile paid indemnity
Canada - seal hunting near Pribilof Islands
-Arbitration |
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Term
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Definition
-90s-
-Disputed boundary between British Guiana and Venezuela
-Olney, Cleveland invoked Monroe Doctrine
-"we're #1 navy"
-Cleveland sent expert commission to make boundary
-Both sides eventually sobered (TGR)
-Britain didn't want to go to war - busy w/ Germany, Dutch...agreed to arbitration. |
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Term
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Definition
--1820s-
-First NE missionaries arrive
--1880s-
-Guaranteed naval-base rights @ Pearl Harbor
-natives killed off by old world diseases, sugar planters import Asian workers
--90s
-formally annexed
---Japan weary, McKinley Tariff
-U.S. overthrew Queen Liluokalni, who opposed annexation
-Cleveland rejected annexing it, McKinley did not |
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Term
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Definition
-Cuba
-1890s
-came when American tariffs crippled Cuban sugar trade |
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Term
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Definition
-Spanish General
-Reconcentration Camps |
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Term
| -Reasons for intervention in Cuba? |
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Definition
-Yellow press
-sentiment for atrocities
-economic
-control Gulf of Mexico
-war-hungry
-ignored Sp. concessions |
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Term
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Definition
| ousted Spanish minister who dissed McKinley in a published letter |
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Term
| U.S.S. Maine<---UNDERLINE UNDERLINE UNDERLINE |
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Definition
90s
-Went from U.S. to Cuba, supposed to evacuate Americans in midst of Sp.-Amer tensions
-blew up, probably internal, but people assumed it was external
-if anything, Cubans did it to get Amer involved
-Rickover overwhelmingly confirmed outside theory |
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Term
How long was the Sp-Amer war?
Philipine-American War? |
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Definition
-abt 3.5 mos. in 1898
-99-02 (3 yrs) |
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Term
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Definition
-99-02
-Navy Secretary Long was away
-T-R ordered Dewey to Manila Bay, told him to attack Spanish ships if the U.S. and Spain were to break out in war.
-superior U.S. navy wiped out already-weakly defended Spanish ships
-Dewey was a hero, but had to wait for reinforcements
-scary when German ships came
-Emilio Aguinaldo (Spanish dissident) came in to help fight Spain
-Kept Philippines, unlike Cuba.
-employed reconcentration camps, "water cure" torture tactics in response to Philippine guerilla warfare, rebellion
-Filipinos hated Americanization
-Taft was provincial gov. |
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Term
| Battles, Commanders in SAW? |
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Definition
-Sp. armada blockaded by more powerful Amer. fleet in Havana, Santiago harbor
-Shafter commanded troops that were unequipped and overdressed for war in the tropics
-Diseases were esp. detrimental to U.S., much more than battle
-General Wheeler "To Hell with the Yankees!"
(helped close bloody chasm)
-ended w/ Treaty of Paris (anther card) |
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Term
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Definition
-Col. Wood commanded Rough Riders
-TR was a Lieut. Col. in RRs
-horseless
-battled at Kettle Hill and El Caney |
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Term
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Definition
-90s-
-U.S. got:
Guam
Puerto Rico
Philippines (but Manila had to be paid for)<---troubled McKinley for a while until he felt he had a divine message |
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Term
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Definition
-Bryan argument-->they don't want us there. They're going to revolt. They should have independence
-missionary argument: we should civilized them
-racist argument: they can't fit in w/ America
-Insular Cases (1900s): well, they don't deserve rights
-imperialism itself is wrong: people like Carnegie, Gompers, Twain, Reed, Wm James, Hoar
-Darwinism, we've been doing this all along: TR, Kipling, Beveridge |
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Term
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Definition
TP:
T: (90s) U.S. would give Cuba its independence when U.S. defeats Spain
P: To keep Cuba from aligning w/ other nations, made them agree to...
-not be indebted beyond resources
-guarantee naval base/coal mining stations (e.g. Guantanamo)
-conclude treaties that hurt independence
-let U.S. troops intervene when they saw it necessary |
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Term
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Definition
-Col. Gorgas esp., with Wood, Reed
-wiped out yellow fever by experimenting on U.S. troops |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Two major effects of Sp. Amer War |
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Definition
-closed bloody chasm
-showed that U.S. was a force to be reckoned with, coming-out as a world power |
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Term
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Definition
-seized no prob. in Sp.Amer War, because they didn't know it was going on at the time
-Tainos treated badly when Spaniards first came
-Foraker Act = limited popular gov't, no cockfighting
-Full citizenship in 1917
-neither a state nor a territory
- |
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Term
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Definition
A Century of Dishonor
Ramona
inspired sympathy for NAs |
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Term
| States annexed in this chapter |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-gold and silver discovered in Nevada
-50s
-similar to Pike's Peak Colorado gold rush
-made them into "Boomtowns"/"Helldoradoes"
--vigilante justice,towns left after gold did
-amassing of metals helped fuel Civ. War
-replaced by corporations who could afford expensive quartz-smashing machines
- |
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Term
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Definition
-1880s
-Take up white farming tactics on tiny Homestead
-be good
-maybe become citizen in 25 years
-struck at tribal organization, tried to make NAs rugged individuals
-defective, but did help NA population start to regrow
-Indian Reorganization Act replaced DSA policies in 1930s |
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Term
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Definition
-outlawed in 80s
-Termed "Ghost Dance" by outsiders
-stamped out (included killings of men/women/children) in Wounded Knee (90s) |
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Term
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Definition
-60s-80s
-TX cowboys drove cattle to railroads, like Abilene, Ogallala, and CHeyenne
-Abilene-->famous for Hickok - vigilante/gunman
-driven out by harsh winters, railroads driving out wide open cattle ranges, and overexpansion/grazing
-became a big-business industry
--Wyoming Stock-Growers Association made in 1880s |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| painted Sp.-Amer. War, Wild West landscapes |
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Term
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Definition
Ft. Laramie, too:
-U.S> tried to pacify Plains Indians, (50s!!!) but not all tribes recognized leadership
-tried to establish colonies, boundaries
-whites did not understand nomadic culture of NAs |
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Term
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Definition
-displaced Crows, Kiowas, Pawnees when white settlers displaced them
-died from white man's diseases, greatly weakened because of this
-damaged from diminished bison population
-herded onto reservation in Dakota, Indian (Oklahoma) territories
-fetterman massacre
-Sitting Bull |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
70s
-him and his troops were brutally massacred by Sioux
-in Wyoming Bighorn MTNS.
-happened when Sioux tried to block construction of Bozeman trail (goldfields)
--given to Sioux w/ Fort Laramie
-Sitting Bull |
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Term
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Definition
70s
-lost to Sioux, Sitting Bull @ Battle of Little Bighorn, but U.S. retaliated and hunted NAs down |
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Term
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Definition
70s
-Led by Chief Joseph
-fled U.S. reservation
-chased by U.S. troops for 3 mo.
-sent to KS (40% died)
-sent to Idaho |
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Term
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Definition
-Led by Geronimo
-from AZ, NM, pursued into Mexico
-surrendered after Apache women were sent to FL
-became farmers in OK |
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Term
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Definition
-1862
-160 acres of land for about $30
-public land for family farm stimulus, NOT revenue
-not a great deal, because the Great Plains were rain-scarce
-spurned a lot of fraud
- |
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Term
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Definition
Agriculture is impossible w/o massive irrigation beyond 100th parallel
-people did struggle with finding a way to profit from farming on the great west
-"dry farming" - frequent shallow cultivation
--led to Dust Bowl
-strains of wheat from Russia helped
-other drought-resistant grains
-barbed wire helped make fences w/o trees
-massive irrigation did help, like dams and stuff |
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Term
CO=centenntial state
OK=sooner state |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Significance of the Frontier Upon American History |
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Term
| V/F: 1890 had an effect on Yellowstone/Sequoia/Yosemite building |
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Definition
| verum - needed to preserve lands |
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Term
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Definition
-unemployed in the cities would go to the frontier
-not really true-couldn't farm, couldn't afford to (expensive machinery)
-BUT it did drive some
-and the possibility of westward movement might have made employers keep wages a little higher |
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Term
| combine, reaper-mower, bonanza wheat farms, |
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Definition
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