Term
| When was the second continental congress? |
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Definition
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Term
| V/F: Georgia was not represented at the second continental congress |
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Definition
| falsum. all 13 colonies were represented |
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Term
| What was the purpose of the second continental congress? |
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Definition
| Hoped king/Parliament would address grievances |
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Term
| At the Second Continental Congress, to whom did officials draft a new appeal to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were some of George Washington's shortcomings? |
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Definition
-never before the rank of colonel
-largest command 1200 men 20 yrs ago
-lost more than won |
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Term
| What were some of George Washington's strengths? |
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Definition
-leadership, strength
-moral force that identified with people
-refused pay
-came from wealth, clearly not a fortune-seeker
-came from populous VA, soothed wary of Boston-centric militia |
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Term
| Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold took THESE forts together |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the Battle of Bunker Hill take place? (month/year) |
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Definition
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Term
What kind of attack did the British use at Bunker Hill?
What did the Americans use? |
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Definition
-full frontal
-rear-guard action |
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Term
DEFINE:
Olive Branch Petition |
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Definition
-July 1775
-Professed American loyalty, begged for no future hostility |
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Term
| What did the king proclaim in August of 1775? |
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Definition
-The colonies were rebellious
-skirmishes=treason |
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Term
| The British got lots of soldiers from THIS non-English entity...how? |
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Definition
Germany (Hessians)
Princes indebted |
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Term
| Why did the idea of Hessians in the war bother colonists? |
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Definition
| Thought the feud was between them and England, no one else |
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Term
| Describe the Hessians as soldiers |
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Definition
| good mechanically, but wanted rewards more. Deserted, became respected American citizens |
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Term
| What was the nickname for Hessians? |
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Definition
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Term
| In October of 1775, the British burned THIS city |
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Definition
| Falmouth (Portland) Maine |
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Term
| In October of 1775, colonists undertook THIS type of campaign againstt THIS place for THIS reason |
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Definition
| two-pronged invasion of French Canada because they thought they'd rebel and become a 14th colony |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Richard Montgomery |
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Definition
-American soldier who captured Montreal
-Joined Benedict Arnold in Quebec attack, was killed |
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Term
| Why didn't the French Canadians think so highly of the colonists? |
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Definition
| Weren't keen on anti-Catholic invaders, were keen on British from Quebec Act |
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Term
| In January of 1776, the British burned THIS city |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened with British forces in March of 1776? |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1776, the British were beaten in THESE two southern cities |
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Definition
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Term
| Why, in 1776, were Americans still denying intent for independence? |
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Definition
-loyalty to empire ingrained
-part of transatlantic community lead by Britain
-poor colonial unity
-rebellion dangerous (ex: the Irish) |
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Term
| Describe Paine's Common Sense |
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Definition
-Said "shilly-shallying" of the colonists was not common sense
-small island of Britain can't control vast U.S.
-King= "The Royal Brute of Great Britain" |
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Term
| What did Thomas Paine himself call for concerning republics? |
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Definition
-power should come from people themselves, not a monarch
-said gov't officials, and NOT just the house of commons should be elected by the people |
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Term
| What did the British mean when they say they had a "mixed government"? |
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Definition
| -balance of king, nobility, and commons |
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Term
| How were colonists prepared for republicanism? |
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Definition
-town meetings
-annual elections
-committees of correspondence |
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Term
| Define the "virtue" that republicanism depended on |
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Definition
| sacrificing self-interests to common good |
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Term
| Define: natural aristocracy |
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Definition
-ended hereditary aristocracy
-not social hierarchy
-"Lower orders" of society favored radical "leveling |
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Term
-Who said "these united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states"?
-what did this turn into?
-when? |
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Definition
-Richard Henry Lee
-made into a resolution that technically made the colonies independent
-7/2/1776 |
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Term
| Describe the Declaration of Independence |
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Definition
-universal appeal w/ rights of humankind
-tyrannous misdeeds of George III |
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Term
| What were the two wars going on inside the revolution? |
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Definition
| Patriots/Loyalists; Rebels/Redcoats |
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Term
| V/F: ragtag militia units were effective agents of revolutionary ideas, and harassed small British detachments |
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Definition
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Term
| V/F: there was a stronger patriot presence in the Anglican clergy |
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Definition
| falsum. There was a stronger Loyalist presence |
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Term
| Why were Anglican aristocrats in VA not as loyal to the crown? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name some loyalist cities in the colonies |
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Definition
| NYC, Charleston, Quaker PA, and NJ |
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Term
| V/F: Mercantilism was alive and well in New England |
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Definition
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Term
| What did some British use Yankee churches for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did radical patriots do to loyalists? |
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Definition
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Term
How many supporters of George III fled America?
How many more mild ones could stay? |
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Definition
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Term
| THIS really mean act to Loyalists helped finance some of the war |
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Definition
| confiscating/selling Tory property |
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Term
| What would Loyalists in the colonies do for the British? |
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Definition
-spied
-incited NAs
-bore arms
-kept Patriots home
-not used to best advantage |
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Term
| With Boston evacuated, in 1776, the British focused on THIS location. Why? |
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Definition
-NY
-good seaport
-centrally located
-concentration of loyalists |
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Term
| In July of 1776, THIS battle occurred, and George Washington went to THIS place, and then crossed THESE places |
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Definition
-Battle of Long Island
-Manhattan Island
-Hudson/Delaware |
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Term
| Why did General William Howe not crush American forces at Long Island? (5) |
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Definition
-still hurting from Bunker
-country was rough
-supply shortage
-didn't like winter campaigning
-distracted w/ wife of subordinates |
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Term
| In what year was George Washington's famous attack on the Hessians? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who has the nickname of "Gentleman Johnny"? |
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Definition
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Term
| V/F: General Cornwallis wanted to capture the St. Lawrence to capture Canada in 1777 |
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Definition
| Falsum. Burgoyne/Lake Champlain |
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Term
| In General Burgoyne's attempt to capture the Hudson River Valley, who was supposed to be waiting to help him? |
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Definition
| General Howe, to go to Hudson....only he was too busy planning his Philly campaign to have direct engagement w/ Washington |
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Term
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Definition
soldier that can no longer fight...
-killed
-wounded
-captured/POW
-MIA |
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Term
| Talk about what General Benedict Arnold did after Quebec in 1775 |
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Definition
-retreated along st. lawrence
-British pursued him, but needed control of Lake Champlain to continue
-Managed a flotilla to buy time fighting the British. By time of defeat, it was winter...so that the British couldn't capture Ticonderoga |
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Term
| Why was Burgoyne's campaign slow? |
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Definition
| -heavy baggage, axmen, women (rolled eyes) |
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Term
| When George Washington saw that British troops were stationed in NY, what'd he do? |
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Definition
| Stationed his troops in Philly, where they were crushed by Howe |
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Term
| Where did Washington retire to for the winter of 1777? |
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Definition
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Term
| In October of 1777, Burgoyne was forced to surrender at THIS place to THIS man |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the "Model Treaty" created by the colonies? |
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Definition
-drafted by Continental Congress in summer of 1776
-dealt with colonist policy of Foreign Affairs
-John Adams was a chief author
-no military connection
-no political connection
-only a commercial connection |
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Term
Who was the original American envoy in Paris?
What'd he do while he was there? |
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Definition
-Benjamin Franklin
-Ben Franklin went on an envoy mission to France so that they could form an alliance with the U.S. and get guns and money and stuff. He was just so scandalous because he showed up in home-spun clothes instead of all of the robes and wigs and swords that was protocol in foreign affairs stuff in that time, and especially with the protocol-obsessed French. Anyway, the common folk, they loved it, and were like, "OMG BEN FRANKLIN YOU'RE SO AMAZING." And he continued to impress them Parisians with by kissing/embracing Voltaire. You know, that meaningless double-cheek European greeting thing, no doubt, but I thought of Britney Spears and Madonna at the VMAs. And since I must end this with a lame joke, Ooh La La!!! |
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Term
| When British finally gave home rule to Americans under the empire, why'd they reject it? |
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Definition
| France gave America a military alliance (which did not fully comply with the model treaty) |
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Term
| In the American Revolution's turn to a world war, who were the belligerents? |
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Definition
France (+America) v. England
Spain, Holland v. England |
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Term
In the American Revolution's turn to a world war, who were the neutrals? (Also: what were they called?)
(Who formed it?) |
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Definition
-Russia, Sweden, Denmark-Norway, Portugal, Holy Roman Empire, Prussia, Two Sicilies
-Armed Neutrality Force
-Catherine the Great |
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Term
| While Americans get props for keeping the war going until 1778, what else was very largely in their favor after that? |
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Definition
-French aid
-Tired Britain |
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Term
| Why couldn't the British use their kickass navy to their advantage in the American Revolution |
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Definition
| French ships protected W. Indies land |
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Term
| In June of 1778, withdrawing redcoats attacked THIS city....what happened? |
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Definition
-Monmouth, NJ
-Blisteringly hot, many died of heat stroke
-Indecisive
-1/3 of Hessians departed |
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Term
| Define: term for victory that is not worth the cost |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-French military leader who arrived with troops in summer of 1980
-lead french ground troops in Yorktown |
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Term
| Why were Americans weary of Rocheambeau? |
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Definition
| French used to be their enemy |
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Term
| What two colonies were taken by the British? |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1780-1, Americans defeated the British in what two cities? |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Nathaniel Greene |
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Definition
-"Fighting Quaker"<---oxymoron
-exhausted Cornwallis by standing/retreating
-lost battles, not campaigns
-Cleared GA, SC of British tribes |
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Term
| What year was known as "the bloody year" on the frontier, and why? |
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Definition
-1777
-British "hair buyers" pushed NA allies Senecas, Mohawks, Cayugas, Onondagas) to kill Americans |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Joseph Brant |
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Definition
-That's chief Joseph Brant
-Mohawk
-Anglican convert
-Thought British would stop Americans from going west
-Urged NAs to side w/ British, kill Americans |
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Term
| The Oneidas and Tuscaroras were allied with the... |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the treaty that forced the Indians to cede most land by the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why were the British vulnerable in Illinois country? |
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Definition
| -Had only scattered points there from the French |
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Term
NAE THAT MAN:
George Rogers Clark |
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Definition
-frontiersman who wanted to take NAs by surprise, captured key NA settlements
-Allegedly forced British to cede Ohio River land to US in Treaty of Paris |
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Term
| What'd America's navy do in the Revolution? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Bassist for Led Zeppelin
AND
-Scotsman who was a great U.S. naval officer |
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Term
| What was another name for privateers? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many privateers did the US Congress approve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were some hardships between 1780-1? |
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Definition
-Inflation
-Bankrupt gov't
-withered unity
-mutiny |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Admiral de Grasse |
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Definition
-operated powerful fleet on W. Indies
-offered help in Yorktown (responsible for surrounding the British via sea) |
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Term
| On what date did General Cornwallis surrender at Yorktown? |
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Definition
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Term
| After Yorktown, how many British troops were still stationed in the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| One (Really 3) of George Washington's most valuable contributions after Yorktown was...(really were) |
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Definition
-kept cause alive
-army out in the field
-states together |
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Term
| Why were the British ready to cede after Yorktown? |
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Definition
-Heavy reverses in India, W. Indies
-Minorca had fallen
-Rock of Gibraltar falling
-Lord North's ministry collapse (Whig replacement |
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Term
| Who were the three American peace negotiators in France? |
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Definition
-Ben Franklin
-John Adams
-John Jay (NYer) |
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Term
| What was France trying to give to Spain in the Treaty of Utrecht? |
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Definition
-British Gibraltar
-American trans-Allegheny land |
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Term
| Why did the Americans disobey their agreement to not negotiate separate peace agreements with Britain? |
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Definition
| French were looking out for Spain, not America |
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Term
| What were the conditions of the Treaty of Paris? (5) |
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Definition
-Britain recognizes the US as independent
-gave land from MI, Great Lakes, and FL to Americans
-Retain a share in fisheries of Newfoundland (Canadians pissed)
-Loyalists not to be further persecuted
-States vow to put no obstacles in British creditor debt collection |
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Term
| Why was Britain so nice to the US in the Treaty of Paris? |
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Definition
-Trying to entice the US from France
-Whig ministry |
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Term
| Why did the Paris Foreign Office agree to the Treaty of Paris? |
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Definition
-end costly conflict
-end embarrassing promises to Spanish crown |
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Term
| Why didn't loyalists want to break away from Britain? |
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Definition
-cause anarchy
-most powerful nation in the world
-Many Britons had settled in America after the Seven Years’ War, and they had reason to support their home country
-Thousands of African-Americans joined the British ranks for hope of freedom from bondage.
- |
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Term
| What happened with some african american slaves that were promised freedom for fighting for the British? |
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Definition
Others suffered betrayal, such as when Cornwallis abandoned over
4,000 former slaves in Virginia and when many Black Loyalists boarded
ships expecting to embark for freedom but instead found themselves sold
back into slavery. |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Hugh Gaine |
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Definition
-Loyalist who built himself back up after the war
-He also published the new national army regulations authored by Baron von Steuben. |
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