Term
| Who were the leaders of the Whig party? |
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Definition
| Daniel Webster and Henry Clay |
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Term
| What did Harrison catch four weeks into his presidency? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who succeeded Harrison? Where was he from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why didn't John Tyler like the Whig party? |
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Definition
-the Whigs were pro-bank and
-pro-protective tariff, and
-pro-internal improvements
-hailing from the South, he was not.
Tyler was really more of a Democrat. |
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Term
After their victory, the Whigs unveiled their platform for America:
(describe it...did it work?) |
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Definition
-Financial reform would come in the form of a law ending the independent treasury system; Tyler agreeably signed it.
-A new bill for a new Bank of the U.S. was on the table, but Clay didn't try hard enough to conciliate with Tyler and get it passed, and it was vetoed. |
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Term
| Whig extremists now started to call Tyler “_______.” |
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Definition
| Whig extremists now started to call Tyler “his accidency.” |
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Term
| V/F: Webster resigned from Tyler's cabinet in protest |
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Definition
| His entire cabinet resigned, except for Webster. |
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Term
Tyler vetoed a proposed Whig tariff.
Then what happened? |
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Definition
| The Whigs redrafted and revised the tariff, taking out the dollar-distribution scheme and pushing down the rates to about the moderately protective level of 1832 (32%), and Tyler, realizing that a tariff was needed, reluctantly signed it. |
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Term
-At this time, anti-British sentiment was high because...
-did the British feel the same way? |
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Definition
-the pro-British Federalists had died out, there had been two wars with
Britain, and the British travelers in America scoffed at the
“uncivilized” Americans.
-yes |
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Term
| Why didn't the British like the Americans? |
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Definition
In the 1800s, America with its expensive canals and railroads was a
borrowing nation while Britain was the one that lent money, but when
-the Panic of 1837 broke out, the Englishmen who lost money assailed
their rash American borrowers
-thought Americans were uncivilized w/ tobacco spitting, slave auctions, lynching, etc
-no American copyright law |
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Term
| In 1837, a small rebellion in ____ broke out, and Americans _______. |
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Definition
| In 1837, a small rebellion in Canada broke out, and Americans furnished arms and supplies because they wanted Canadians to overthrow the British. |
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Term
| Also in 1837, an American steamer, the ____, was ___ and ____. |
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Definition
| Also in 1837, an American steamer, the Caroline, was attacked in N. and set afire by a British force. |
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Term
| What realized fear came true and how when Britain abolished slavery? |
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Definition
| in 1841, British officials in the Bahamas offered asylum to some 130 revolting VA slaves who had captured the ship Creole. |
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Term
WHO had claimed territory on its northern and eastern border that
was also claimed by WHO, and there were actually small skirmishes
in the area (the “_______War” of feuding lumberjacks). |
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Definition
Maine had claimed territory on its northern and eastern border that
was also claimed by England, and there were actually small skirmishes
in the area (the “Aroostook War” of feuding lumberjacks). |
|
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Term
| How did the Aroostook War end? |
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Definition
in 1842 Britain sent Lord Ashburton to negotiate with Daniel Webster, and after talks, the two agreed to what is now called
the Webster-Ashburton Treaty. |
|
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Term
| What were the terms of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty? |
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Definition
-gave Britain their desired Halifax-Quebec route for a road
-America got a bit more land north
of Maine.
-The U.S. also got, as a readjustment of the U.S.—Canadian border, the unknowingly priceless Mesabi Range of iron ore up in Minnesota. It later provided the iron for steel in the boom of industry. |
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Term
| Who was Texas allied with and why? |
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Definition
Ever since it had declared independence in 1836, Texas had built up reinforcements because it had no idea if or when Mexico would attack
again to reclaim her “province in revolt.” So, Texas made treaties with France, Holland, and Belgium. |
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Term
| Why did the alliances of Texas worry the U.S.? |
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Definition
-The Monroe Doctrine (where Europe was told to "stay away") would be undermined if England had a buddy over here in Texas.
-The dominant Southern cotton economy would also be undercut by Texas cotton shipping to England. |
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Term
| Why were Americans against annexing Texas? (2) |
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Definition
-The North decried the Southern "slavocracy" (a supposed Southern conspiracy to always gain more slave land).
-America could not just boldly annex Texas without a war with Mexico. |
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Term
| Why was Britain so interested in an independent Texas? |
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Definition
-stop American expansion
-challenge Monroe Doctrine
-trade w/o American tariffs |
|
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Term
| Why were Americans for annexing Texas? (2) |
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Definition
-Texas would be good boost for American cotton production
-provide tons more land |
|
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Term
| Who faced off in the election of 1844? Who belonged to what party? Who won? |
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Definition
Whig Henry Clay v
Democrat James K Polk <---winner |
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Term
| Whose election was seen as a "mandate for manifest destiny"? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What latitude/longitude does Oregon have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who claimed Oregon before the US? |
|
Definition
| Russia, Spain, and England |
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Term
| Why did the English have a good claim to Oregon? |
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Definition
England had good reasons for its claims north of
the Columbia River, since it was populated by British and by the
Hudson’s Bay Company |
|
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Term
| Why did the Americans have a good claim to Oregon? |
|
Definition
-since they populated it much more.
-Plus, the Americans occupied and had
explored the interior of the land, thanks to Lewis and Clark.
-Spain gave it to U.S. in FL treaty |
|
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Term
| ____ an over 2000-mile trail across America, was a common route to *the west* during the early 1840s. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How long was the Oregon trail? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Describe Polk's 4 pt plan |
|
Definition
Polk laid out a 4-point mission for himself and the nation (then achieved all 4 points in 4 years)
-Lower the tariff
-Restore the independent treasury (put U.S. money into non-government banks)
-Clear up the Oregon border issue
-Get California |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what state was Polk governor of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which 1844 presidential candidate served as speaker of the house? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ cost him, since he lost the election |
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Definition
On the issue of Texas, Clay tried to say two things at once, and
thus, it cost him, since he lost the election |
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Term
| v/f: the whigs used the spoils system |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Why didn't Tyler like Jackson? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was the Whig accusation of Tyler's really being a democrat somewhat false? |
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Definition
| The Whig was sort of a catchall party |
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Term
-One of Polk’s acts was to lower the tariff, and his secretary
of the treasury,___, did so, lowering the tariff from _% to _% despite complaints by the _____.
-Did the tariff work or not? |
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Definition
-One of Polk’s acts was to lower the tariff, and his secretary
of the treasury, Robert J. Walker, did so, lowering the tariff from 32%
to 25% despite complaints by the industrialists.
-Yup, it worked |
|
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Term
| WHO restored the independent treasury in 1846 |
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Definition
| Polk restored the independent treasury in 1846 |
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Term
| Under WHO, the Oregon border issue was settled. |
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Definition
| Under Polk, the Oregon border issue was settled. |
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Term
While the ____ had promoted acquiring all of ____ during
their campaign, after the _____, the _____ didn't much care anymore. |
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Definition
While the Democrats had promoted acquiring all of Oregon during
their campaign, after the annexation of Texas, the Southern Democrats
didn’t much care anymore. |
|
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Term
Who argued over Oregon?
Where did each party say the border was? |
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Definition
England first answered 42o latitude; then said the Columbia River
The U.S. first answered 54o40' latitude; then said 49o latititude |
|
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Term
| WHY was the Oregon debate settled? |
|
Definition
-Things were tense for a while, but England realized there were more
Americans in Oregon than Brits—their leverage was small. |
|
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Term
| Describe HOW the Oregon debate was settled (British side) |
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Definition
| So, the British proposed a treaty that would separate British and American claims at the **49th parallel (excluding Vancouver), a proposal that Polk threw to the Senate, and which accepted. |
|
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Term
| Describe HOW the Oregon debate was settled (American side) |
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Definition
The U.S. got the better of the deal since
the British second-choice was rejected but the Americans' second-choice was accepted and
as with the Maine treaty, the U.S. got a bit more land than England did |
|
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Term
| What were criticisms of the Oregon treaty? |
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Definition
Those angry with the deal cried, “Why all of Texas but not
all of Oregon?” The cold, hard answer was that because Mexico was
weak and that England was strong. |
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Term
| Why was it difficult to acquire California |
|
Definition
| strained U.S.-Mexican relations |
|
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Term
| Why were US-Mexico relations strained? |
|
Definition
-After the annexation of Texas, Mexico had recalled its foreign
minister, and before, it had been forced to default on its payments of
$3 million to the U.S.
-Also, when Texas claimed its southern boundary to be the Rio Grande
and not the Nueces River like Mexico said, Polk felt that he had to
defend Texas and did so.
-The U.S. then sent John Slidell to Mexico City as an envoy
instructed to buy California for $25 million, however, once he arrived,
the Mexican government, pressured by its angry people, refused to see
him, thus “snubbing” him. |
|
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Term
| What happened after John Sidell was snubbed? |
|
Definition
-A frustrated Polk now forced a showdown, and on Jan. 13, 1846, he
ordered 4000 men under Zachary Taylor to march from the Nueces River to
the Rio Grande, provocatively near Mexican troops.
-news of Mexican troops
crossing the Rio Grande and killing of wounding 16 Americans came to
Washington, and Polk pushed for a declaration of war |
|
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Term
| Explain: “Spot Resolution.” |
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Definition
| A group of politicians, though, wanted to know where exactly was the spot of the fighting before committing to war; among them was Abraham “Spotty” Lincoln because of his “Spot Resolution.” |
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Term
| What were Polk's hopes in the Mexican-American War? |
|
Definition
Polk hoped that once American had beaten Mexico enough, he could
get California and end the war |
|
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Term
| How did Santa Anna effect the Mexican-American War? |
|
Definition
the recently dethroned Santa Anna
told the U.S. that if he could return to Mexico, he would take over the
government, end the war, and give California to the U.S. He lied. |
|
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Term
| In the Southwest, U.S. operations led by _____ (led ___troops from _____ to Santa Fe) and ______ (leader of the Bear Flag Revolt in California) were successful. |
|
Definition
In the Southwest, U.S. operations led by Stephen W. Kearny (led
1700 troops from Leavenworth to Santa Fe) and John C. Fremont (leader
of the Bear Flag Revolt in California) were successful. |
|
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Term
_____, a general, he fought into Mexico, reaching _______, and repelled ___ Mexicans
with only 5000 men, instantly becoming a hero. |
|
Definition
“Old Rough and Ready” ZACHARY Taylor, a general, he fought into Mexico, reaching Buena Vista, and repelled 20,000 Mexicans
with only 5000 men, instantly becoming a hero. |
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Term
| _____ led American troops into Mexico City. |
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Definition
| General Winfield Scott led American troops into Mexico City. |
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Term
| Polk sent ______ to negotiate an armistice with Mexico at a cost of $____. THEN WHAT HAPPENED? AND THEN? |
|
Definition
| Polk sent Nicholas Trist to negotiate an armistice with Mexico at a cost of $10,000 Santa Anna took the bribe and then used it for his defenses. Afterwards, Trist was recalled, but he refused to leave. |
|
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Term
| What treaty did Nicholas Trist negotiate? (Describe) |
|
Definition
He negotiated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo on February 2, 1848, which…
-Gave to America all Mexican territory from Texas to California that
was north of the Rio Grande. This land was called the Mexican Cession
since Mexico ceded it to the U.S.
-U.S. only had to pay $15 million to Mexico for it.
-$3.5 million in debts from Mexico to the U.S. were absolved as well.
-In essence, the U.S. had forced Mexico to "sell" the Mexican Cession lands. |
|
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Term
| Who wanted to end the Mexican-American War? Who didn't? Why did they? |
|
Definition
In America, there were people clamoring an end to the war (the
Whigs) and those who wanted all of Mexico (but the leaders of the South
like John C. Calhoun realized the political nightmare that would cause
and decided not to be so greedy), so Polk speedily passed the bill to
the Senate, which approved it, 38 to 14. |
|
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Term
In the war, America only (only???) had _____ dead soldiers, most taken by
____ |
|
Definition
In the war, America only had 13,000 dead soldiers, most taken by
disease |
|
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Term
| Why did Bailey see the Mex-Amer war as kind of good? |
|
Definition
-the war was a great practice for the Civil War, giving men
like Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant invaluable battle experience.
-Outside countries now respected America more, since it had made no
major blunders during the war and had proven its fighting prowess. |
|
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Term
| How did the Mex-Amer war lead to the Civil War? |
|
Definition
| it paved the way to the Civil War by attaining more land that could be disputed over slavery. |
|
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Term
PERSON of STATE introduced his LEGISLATION, which stated ______
in any of the Mexican Cession territories that would be taken from
Mexico |
|
Definition
David Wilmot of Pennsylvania introduced his Wilmot Proviso (a
provision or amendment), which stated that slavery should never exist
in any of the Mexican Cession territories that would be taken from
Mexico |
|
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Term
| Did the Wilmot Proviso pass in Congress? |
|
Definition
the amendment was passed twice by the House but it never got
passed the Senate (where southern states equaled northern). |
|
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Term
| Define: "Santa Anna’s Revenge". |
|
Definition
Bitter Mexicans, resentful of the land that was taken from them,
land that halved their country’s size while doubling
America’s. They took small satisfaction when the same land caused
disputes that led to the Civil War, a fate called "Santa Anna’s
Revenge". |
|
|
Term
| Who is nicknamed “Old Rough and Ready”? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how did Whig leaders try to change their reinvented Nat'l bank? did it work? |
|
Definition
| fiscal bank-->fiscal corporation...no |
|
|
Term
| Who was the only person who did not resign from Tyler's cabinet? Why? |
|
Definition
| Webster; negotiating in England |
|
|
Term
| What was wrong with the first Whig tariff? |
|
Definition
| It provided for a distribution among the states of revenue from the sale of public lands in the West. Tyler didn't want to give federal money up, as there was definitely no surplus |
|
|
Term
| What food is Harrison? What food is Tyler? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the "third war" with England? |
|
Definition
| British and American magazines and newspapers trading awful remarks about one another |
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the Canadian who pretended to be part of the Caroline raid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What was Tyler's justification for trying to acquire Texas?
How'd he do it in Congress? |
|
Definition
-narrow Dem victory=mandate
-joint resolution |
|
|
Term
| What was Tyler's justification for trying to acquire Texas? |
|
Definition
| narrow Dem victory=mandate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Explorer who found the Columbia River |
|
|
Term
| What river valley is south of the Columbia River? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many Americans were in Oregon by 1846? |
|
Definition
| 5,000 (700 Brits n of Columbia) |
|
|
Term
| What was the compromise from the 54o40 line? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the "hero of Buena Vista" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Define: Californios....how many were there in California? |
|
Definition
-descendants of Spanish and Mexican conquerors who had once ruled California
-13,000 |
|
|
Term
| Who is "an enterprising Franciscan friar"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what was the name of Californio homes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many NAs lived in California when we wanted to buy it? |
|
Definition
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