Term
How many million Americans were there by 1850?
How many regularly attended church? |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
de Tocqueville |
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Definition
| French visitor to America, observed that America was really influenced by religion |
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Term
| Name two things that helped wipe out old orthodoxy, encourage liberal ideas about religion |
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Definition
| French Revolution, Thomas Paine's "Age of Reason" |
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Term
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Definition
-science, reason
-NOT personal revelation, the Bible
-believed in Supreme Being
-gave us capacity for moral power
-rejected Christ's divinity |
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Term
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Definition
-God is just the father; not son/holy spirit
-stressed goodness of human nature
-free will, salvation through good deeds(not predestination)
-Emerson = example |
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Term
| Define: the Second Great Awakening's camp meetings |
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Definition
In 1800:
-as many as 25,000 people listened to hellfire preaching, drank
-Boosted church membership
-caused humanitarian reforms
-" missionary work for NAs, Hawaiians, Asians |
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Term
| Which denomination(s) got the biggest boost in membership from the SGA? Why? |
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Definition
| Methodists and Baptists, stressed personal conversion |
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Term
| NAME THAT MAN: Peter Cartwright |
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Definition
-Methodist circuit rider"
-beat up those who tried to break up meetings
-preached for 50 yrs |
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Term
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Definition
| traveling frontier features |
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Term
| NAME THAT MAN: Charles Grandison Finney |
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Definition
-former lawyer
-Presbyterian preacher
-mass converter in Rochester, NYC
-made "anxious benches"
-encouraged women to pray in public
-against alcohol, slavery
-served as president of Oberlin |
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Term
| What were six effects of the SGA? |
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Definition
-shattered/reorganized churches
-new sects
(evangelicalism led to increased support for...)
-prison reform
-temperance
-women's rights/feminism of religion
-abolitionism |
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Term
| Describe the "feminism of religion" in greater detail (3) |
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Definition
-esp middle class women took a more active role in pushing for religion
-would stay converted when preachers left
-ambivalence abt shift to market economy fueled this |
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Term
-Where is the "burned over district"?
-Why is it called so?
-What religion was founded there? |
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Definition
-Western NY
-descendants of Puritans lived there and endured so much hellfire preaching
-Adventists/Millerites |
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Term
-How many Adventists existed in the burned over district?
-Who was a leader in the religion?
-What was their main belief? |
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Definition
-700,000
-Wm Miller
-Jesus was scheduled to come on 10/22/1844 |
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Term
| What 4 religions tended to be wealthier/more educated at the time of the SGA? |
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Definition
-Episcopalians
-Presbyterians
-Congregationalists
-Unitarians |
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Term
| What types of religions were not as educated/wealthy as some other religions around the SGA? |
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Definition
| Methodists, Baptists, new sects |
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Term
| Which 3 religions split into N/S over the slavery debate? |
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Definition
-Methodists
-Baptists
-Presbyterians |
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Term
| NAME THAT MAN: Joseph Smith |
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Definition
-got golden plates from an angel
-deciphered them and got the Book of Mormon
-AKA Church of Latter Day Saints (Mormons)
-voted, drilled militia as a unit
-accusations of polygamy arose
-murdered by IL mob |
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Term
| NAME THAT MAN: Brigham Young |
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Definition
-Mormon Moses
-led Mormons to Utah w/ "Come, Come, Ye Saints"
-frontier theocracy
-FIFTY-FUCKING-SIX CHILDREN
-was made territorial governor
-federal army marched against his Mormons |
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Term
-Who did tax-supported public schools originally educate?
-Why did public sentiment about these schools change? |
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Definition
-poor
-realized that not educating poor made them an ignorant rabble, and manhood-suffrage democracy |
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Term
| describe early public schools |
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Definition
-little red schoolhouse
-few mo. a year
-teachers not really qualified
-more "lickin'" than "larnin"
-"readin" "ritin" and "rithmetic" |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Horace Mann |
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Definition
-Brown U alumni
-MA Board of Ed Sec
(wanted...)
-better schoolhouses
-longer school terms
-higher teacher salaries
-expanded curricula |
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Term
| how many secondary schools existed by 1860? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many white illiterates existed by 1860? |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Noah Webster |
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Definition
-"the schoolmaster of the Republic"
-Yale alumni
-made textbooks for reading, patriotism
-made dictionary |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Wm H McGuffey |
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Definition
-Ohioan teacher-preacher
-made "McGuffey's readers"
-blended morality, patriotism, idealism |
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Term
| How many McGuffey's readers were sold? |
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Definition
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Term
-Why were the liberal arts colleges that were founded after the SGA REALLY made?
-what were their curricula focused on? |
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Definition
-local pride
-Latin/Greek/math/philosophy |
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Term
| What was the first state college to be made? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was so special about the U of VA? |
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Definition
-Jefferson's brainchild
-no religious/political associations
-focuses on modern languages/sciences |
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Term
| why did people not want women to be educated? (according to Bailey) |
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Definition
-frivolous
-"injured female brain, undermined health, made her unfit for marriage" |
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Term
NAME THAT WOMAN:
established Troy Female Seminary, helped build rep of women's colleges |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1835/7, what college admitted blacks/women? |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT WOMAN:
Established Mt. Holyoke Seminary in MA |
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Definition
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Term
| What were two long-lasting magazines in the nineteenth century? |
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Definition
-North American Review
-Godey's Lady's Book |
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Term
| How did debt imprisonment diminish during the nineteenth century? |
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Definition
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Term
| V/F: criminal codes/punishments/capital offenses reduced w/ the Crimean War |
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Definition
-falsum
-ENLIGHTENMENT Europe |
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Term
NAME THAT WOMAN:
reformed mental institutions, changed mindset that patients were not willfully deranged but mentally ill |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-formed American Peace Society
-set back by Crimean War, Amer Civil War |
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Term
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Definition
-formed American Peace Society
-set back by Crimean War, Amer Civil War |
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Term
What led to a surge of alcoholism in the nineteenth century?
*
What were the effects? |
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Definition
-custom
-hard/monotonous lives
*
-decreased labor efficiency, safety/spiritual welfare of family |
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Term
| When did the American Temperance Society form? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name: children's temperance society |
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Definition
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Term
What was the name of T.S. Arthur's famous book on temperance?
What was it about? |
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Definition
-Ten Nights in a Barrom and What I saw There
-once-happy village ruined by Samuel Slade's tavern |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Neal S. Dow |
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Definition
-"Father of Prohibition"
-made temperance law in Maine
-Maine Law of 1851
-A dozen northern states followed (didn't work all that well) |
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Term
| V/F: Rape was not a capital punishment in America |
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Definition
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Term
| By the civil war, _% of women remained "spinsters" |
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Definition
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Term
| What effect did the market economy have on women's rights? |
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Definition
| -more sharply defined gender roles; women were keepers of the nation's social conscience, and were responsible for teaching such to society, while men were strong/crude, had to be guided by loving ladies |
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Term
| v/f: catharine beecher stressed the role of a good homemaker |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT WOMAN:
"sprightly Quaker whose ire had been aroused when she and her fellow female delegates were not recognized at the London antislavery convention of 1840" |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT WOMAN:
insisted on leaving "obey" out of marriage ceremony, championed women's suffrage |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT WOMAN:
"Quaker reared...militant lecturer for women's rights, fearlessly exposed herself to rotten garbage and vulgar epithets" |
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Definition
-Susan B Anthony
(followers were called "Suzy Bs" |
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Term
NAME THAT WOMAN
Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell |
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Definition
| -first woman to graduate from medical school |
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Term
NAME THAT WOMAN:
Margaret Fuller |
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Definition
-edited "The Dial," a transcendentalist journal
-"took part in bringing unity and republican gov't to Italy" |
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Term
NAME THOSE WOMEN
Sarah and Angelina Grimké |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT WOMAN:
Lucy Stone |
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Definition
| retained her name after her marriage |
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Term
NAME THAT WOMAN:
Amelia Bloomer |
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Definition
| revolted against confining clothes, wore shorter skirt, turkish style trousers called "bloomers" |
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Term
-Where was the first Women's Rights Convention held?
-Describe the document that was made there |
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Definition
-Seneca Falls, NY
-Declaration of Sentiments: argued that "all men and women are created equal"
also argued for suffrage |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Robert Owen |
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Definition
| formed a communal society of abt 1,000 people in New Harmony, Indiana |
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Term
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Definition
-MA
-communal society of abt 20 transcendentalists
-lasted for 5 yrs until fire destroyed it (debt)
-inspired Hawthorne's "The Blithedale Romance" |
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Term
| Describe: Oneida Community |
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Definition
-NY
-lasted 30 yrs
-made superior steel traps, plates
practiced...
-free love ("Complex marriage")
-birth control through coitus reservatus
-eugenics |
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Term
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Definition
-among longest-lived sects
-started by Mother Anne Lee
-prohibited sex and marriage
-died out by 1940 |
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Term
| V/F: Hamilton won a gold medal for inventing a new plow |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Matthew Maury |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Nathaniel Bowditch |
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Definition
| mathematician who wrote about practical navigation |
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Term
| V/F: when it came to science, Americans largely relied on European findings |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Professor Benjamin Silliman |
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Definition
-chemist, geologist
-Yale professor |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Louis Agassiz |
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Definition
-distinguished French immigrant
-Harvard professor
-biologist
-didn't like memorization, did like original research |
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Term
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Definition
| -Columbus of American botany |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
John J Audobon |
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Definition
-french naturalist
-wrote/illustrated "Birds of America" |
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Term
| In 1793 a yellow fever epidemic occurred where? |
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Definition
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Term
| V/F: bleeding, rubbing tumors with dead toads, and tooth extraction via blacksmith were treatments in this era |
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Definition
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Term
| What man (last name) made the famous "Infallible Worm Destroying Lozenges?" |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Sylvester Graham |
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Definition
| made whole-wheat bread and crackers regimen that was supposed to be healthy |
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Term
| In 1840, what two anesthetics were invented? |
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Definition
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Term
| From 1820-1850, THIS type of architecture was rejuvenated, while in 1850, THIS type of architecture was rejuvenated |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two of Jefferson's pretty architectural contributions |
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Definition
-Monticello
-University of VA @ Charlottesville (quadrangle) |
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Term
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Definition
-many couldn't afford to sit/pay for portraits
-raw civilization/absence of leisure
-Puritans thought it was a sinful waste of time |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Edward Everett |
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Definition
| eminent Boston scholar who put a statue of Apollo in the home of John Adams |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Gilbert Stuart |
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Definition
| spendthrift Rhode Island painter of George Washington |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
Charles William Peale |
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Definition
| painted Washington as well |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
John Trumbull |
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Definition
| painted Revolutionary War scenes |
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Term
During the nationalistic upsurge after the War of 1812, American painters turned increasingly from THIS subject to THIS subject
What school was an example of this? |
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Definition
human landscapes to romantic mirrorings of local landscapes
-Hudson River School |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
Thomas Coole |
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Definition
| American landscape painter |
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Term
| What was the name of an early crude photograph made by a Frenchman? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the name of the type of show that featured white American actors w/ blackened faces? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of a minstrel show that was later adopted by the Confederates as their battle hymn? |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
Stephen C. Forester |
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Definition
-contributed to American folk music by capturing spirit of the slaves
-published "Old Folks at Home" |
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Term
| What were "praiseworthy American literary efforts"? (3) |
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Definition
-The Federalist (Hamilton)
-Common Sense (Paine)
-Daniel Webster's orations
-Ben Franklin's autobiography |
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Term
| Define: The Knickerbocker Group |
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Definition
| collection of three men, Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, and William Cullen Bryant, who were American pioneers in the literary fields of general literature |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Washington Irving |
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Definition
wrote
-"Knickerbocker's History of New York,"
-"The Sketch Book"
-"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
James Fenimore Cooper |
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Definition
| made American themes respectable, wrote "The Last of the Mohicans" and "The Leatherstocking Tales" |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Wm Cullen Bryant |
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Definition
-wrote "Thanatopsis" (high-quality American poem)
-edited "New York Evening Post" |
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Term
| What city called itself the "Athens of America?" |
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Definition
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Term
| What caused the transcendentalist movement? |
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Definition
-liberalizing of the straightjacket Puritan theology,
-German romantic philosophers, and
-Asian religions |
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Term
| who delivered the speech called "The American Scholar" |
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Definition
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Term
| who wrote "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience" |
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Definition
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Term
| who wrote "Leaves of Grass" |
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Definition
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Term
| who is the "Poet Laureate of Democracy" |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow |
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Definition
-taught modern languages @ Harvard
-popular American poet
wrote...
-Song of Hiawatha
-Evangeline
-The Courtship of Miles Standish |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
John Greenleaf Whittier |
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Definition
-fighting Quaker
-poet laureate of antislavery movement
- |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
James Russel Lowell |
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Definition
-poet
-political satirist
-wrote "Biglow Papers", esp. abt Mexican War, slavery expansion |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Dr. Olivier Wendell Holmes |
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Definition
-taught anatomy @ Harvard Med School
-wrote "The Last Leaf"
-among Boston intellectualists |
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Term
NAME THAT WOMAN:
Louisa May Alcott |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Emily Dickinson |
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Definition
| wrote peoms abt nature, love, and death |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Wm Gilmore Simms |
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Definition
"Cooper of the South"
wrote about south, role in rev. war |
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Term
| who wrote the modern detective novel "The Gold Bug" |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the two writers that reflected the continuing Calvinist obsession w/ original sin and the never ending struggle between good and evil? |
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Definition
| Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville |
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Term
| who wrote "The Marble Faun" |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Who wrote abt Captain Ahab? |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
George Bancroft |
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Definition
-founded the Naval Academy at Annapolis
-wrote superpatrotic history of the United States |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
William H Prescott |
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Definition
| wrote about conquests of Mexico and Peru |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Francis Parkman |
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Definition
| chronicled struggle between France and Britain in colonial times for the mastery of North America |
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