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APUSH AMSCO Ch16
N/A
30
History
11th Grade
03/07/2010

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Western Frontier
Definition

-Settled after Civil War

-Vast Arid Territory

-Great Plains, Rocky Mountains, & Western Plateau

Term
"The Great American Desert"
Definition

Lands between Mississippi River & Pacific Coast (terminology before 1860)

 

Named by pioneers passing through on way to green lands of Oregon or to Goldfields of California

Term
Buffalo in Great Plains
Definition
Gave Native Americans (1865) food, clothing, shelter, and tools
Term
1848 California
Definition
Discovery of Gold
Term
Pike's Peak 1859
Definition
Colorado Gold
Term
Comstock Lode 1859
Definition

Nevada Gold Rush

 

Helped Nevada join union in 1864

Term
Year of California's Great Gold Rush
Definition

1849

 

( 49ers )

Term
Chinese Exclusion Act
Definition

1882

 

prohibited further immigration of Chinese Laborers to US

Term
Effects of Gold Rush
Definition

Vast increase in silver made crisis over value as compared to Gold

 

Devastated Indian territories in W

Term
Cattle Frontier
Definition

-Began in late 1800s... developed in 1890s

-Taken from Mexican Vaqueros

-Helped develop ranches & ranchers

-Created the standard, idolized, American Cowboy

Term
Homestead Act 1862
Definition

Encouraged farming on Great Plains

-offered 160 acres of public land free to any family who would live on it and develop it for five years

Term
Reasons for Homestead Act Failure
Definition

-160 acres = not enough for dry, arid lands of West

- Water = scarce in West

-Severe weather devastated crops

Term
(Frederick Jackson) Turner's Frontier Thesis
Definition

argued that 300 years of frontier experience played fundamental role in shaping American society

-frontier promoted habit of independence and individualism

-frontier helped solve social discontent

Term
Frontier to Native Americans
Definition
Homeland, Source of Food, Source of living, Source of land, Source of Freedom
Term
Reservation Policy
Definition

used in 1851 to assign plains tribes large "reservations" or tracts of land so Americans could use the railroads to begin settlement of western territory without indians 'in the way'

 

*** Indians Refused (needed to follow buffalo), but were sent there anyways ***

Term
Indian Wars
Definition

Miners, Cattlemen, Homesteaders = settling on native american land --> sporadic fighting began

 

eg. Sioux War - Sitting Bull & Crazy Horse

Term
Dawes Severalty Act (1887)
Definition
Designed to break up tribal organizations and to "civilize" indians in to American culture and life.
Term
End of Indian Wars
Definition
December 1890 - over 200 Native Americans = gunned down by US Army in "battle"/massacre of Wounded Knee in the Dakotas
Term
Indian Reorganization Act (1934)
Definition

President Roosevelt Franklin's New Deal (1930s)

-promoted reestablishment of tribal organization and culture

Term
The New South
Definition

-RRs Connected w/ North

-Industrialization began (Steel, Lumber & Tobacco)

-Mainly still agricultural though (Cotton)

-Still Poor

-No Skilled Workers

Term
George Washington Carver
Definition
S African American Scientists ~ helped shift Southern agriculture to more diversity
Term
Civil Rights Cases of 1883
Definition
Supreme Court ruled Congress could not legislate against the racial discrimination practiced by private citizens (included RR, hotels, other businesses)
Term
Plessy v. Ferguson 1896
Definition
Supreme Court ruled = ok if Separate but Equal
Term
Official term for Segregational Laws
Definition

Jim Crow Laws

 

Adopted by Southern States

Term
Grandfather Clauses
Definition
allowed a man to vote only if his grandfather had cast ballots in elections before Reconstruction
Term
Booker T. Washington
Definition

-Former Slave that graduated from Hampton Institute

-1881 established industrial & agricultural school @ Tuskegee, AL

-mission = to teach AfrAmer Skilled trades, virtue of hard work, moderation, and economic self-help

-preached racial harmony & economic cooperation

-leadership = praised by Andrew Carnegie & President Theodore Roosevelt

Term
Global Competition & Economy
Definition

Drove prices for American Goods (especially because now = produced more...) down and therefore hurting the economy

 

Also, Middlemen = greedy & driving prices way high for farmers... farmers = in trapped position

Term
National Grange Movement
Definition

1868 - Social & Educational organization for farmers & Families

 

 

by 1870s - organized economic ventures & took political action to defend members against middlemen, trusts, & RRs

Term
Interstate Commerce Act (1886)
Definition

Congress required RR rates to be "reasonable & just"

 

Fought against discriminatory actions

Term
Farmers' Alliances
Definition

By 1890s, about 1 million people had joined

 

Served Farmers' needs for education & for organized economic & political action

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