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| At this conference, the "Big Three set the goals they wanted to acheive after war. There would bea military occupation of Germany, the Allies would be allowed liberated peoples to have their own governments, reparations were to be paid in full, the Allies would agree to establish an international governing body and Russia would enter the war against Japan |
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| President after death of Roosevelt, during one of the most critical periods of our history. Made the decision to drop the a-bomb to end war. Helped secure peace during Potsdam conference. Truman Doctrine-->Keystone to American foreign policy |
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| The UN was formed in San Francisco at the end of WWII. Some 50 nations attended the conference and created the UN to replace the faltering League of Nations |
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| At Postdam, after the war ended, Clanent Atlee, Stalin and Truman met to decide the fate of Germany. The "Big Three" split Germany into four occupation zones (the Big Three and France each having separate zones). Then they disarmed and disassembled the war industries of Germany. The Allies put Nazi leaders on trial for war crimes |
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| Former Prime Minister Winston Churchill coined the term iron curtain in a speech given in Mussouri. IN this speech he said that Stalin had drawn an iron curtain that separated Easter Europe from the Western world. He also urged the Western World to liberate the enslaved people of Eastern Europe from Communism. |
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| The U.S.S.R. did not turst the Western Bloc so it created a buffer zone between itself and the Western nations (this zone was Easter Europe). This buffer consisted of Soviet Satellites (contries dominated by the U.S.S.R.) |
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| Term coined to describe the hostility between the U.S. and the Soviet Union from 1945-1989, a hostility that never escalated into a shooting war. The Cold War was rooted in the differences between the two nations political and economical systes, because of both nations' status as nuclear superpowers, and beacuse the leaders of each believed that the other was besnt on world conquest. The Cold War developed into a worldwide conflict waged through "proxies" such as North and South Korea, East and West Germany, and North and South Vietnam |
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| Trials of German war criminals were held in the city of Nuremburg. Top Nazi leaders were tried and convited of crimes against humanity. Their punishment was either life imprisonment or death. |
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| The was a U.S. radio program that was transmitted to the iron countries of Easter Europe. It sent American and Westerm propaganda into the communist countries of Europe using radio |
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| Secretary of State under Truman who heavily influenced foreign policy after WWII. He helped develop the Marshall Plan, the Truman Doctrine, NATO, and supported the Korean War. |
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| This doctrine supported free peoples (with arms and supplies), who were resisting communism. It was issued by Truman and became U.S. policy |
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| The UN recommended that Palestine be subdivied with a small portion of land given to Jewish immigrants, Israel, and the rest to remain with the Palestinians. Israel, hower, proclaimed itself a sovereign nations. This action began an Israeli war with the Arabs that was eventually mediated by the UN |
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| This plan gave approximatly $12.5 billion in aid to European contries. This aid helped them jump start" their economies and resist Soviet communism. |
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| Organization of Americans States 1948 |
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| This organization was formed under the UN at the Pan Am Conference of 1948. It included almost all countires in the Americas and condemned the infiltraion of Communism into the Americas |
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| Berlin Blockade and Airlift 1949 |
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| The Soviets choked off land and water routes to Berlin because of a dispute among the four contries occupying Germany. Over the next 12 months, British and American cargo planes ferried 4,500 tons of supplies to West Berlin each day. This showed the Allies rugged determination to keep Berlin out of Russia's "Iron Fist" |
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| NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 1949 |
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| NATO is an alliance that integrated the militaries of 12 Western nations to prevent communist expansion. |
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| After WWII ended, Mao Tse-Tung and the Communists continued their fight against Chiang Kai-sheck and Kuomingtang to gain control of mainland China. In 1949, Chiang retreated from the mainland to Formosa (modern-day Taiwan). The U.S. supported the Natinalists with aarms and supplies, but they still failed to gain control of mainland China because of their unpopulatiry with the peasants. |
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| The Soviet-aided North Koreans invaded the South to start the Korean War. North Korea wanted to control all of the Korean peninsula and to make it a Communist Korea. Since South Korea was created by the UN, troops were committed to keep South Korea away from Communism. U.S. soldiers fought to protect South Korea from the COmmunists. |
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| George F. Kennan was the State Department official who wrote the "Mr. X Letters." In these letters, Kenman supported the containment of communist expansion anywhere around the world |
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| This bill was created to compensate veterans of WWII. It provided money that could be used toward buying a house, investing in business, or going to college to continue education. |
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| It banned the use of the closed-shop, forced unions to wait 60 days before striking and forbade unions from contributing to political campaigns. This act was added with extaneous provisions because there were too many strikes that paralyzed the nation's economy |
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| Dewey was the candidate of the Republicans during the election of 1944 and 1948. The GOP was surprised when Truman "slipped" away with the victory after the three-way split in the Democratic party in 1948 |
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| Julius and Ethel Rosenberg |
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| The Rosenberg's were convited on charges of giving the Soviet Union information about nuclear weaons. They became the first U.S. citizens put to death for wartime spying. They were excecuted in 1953 |
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| During the Korean War, President Turman desegregated the army because of man-power shortages. The military was the first profession to experience integration |
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