Shared Flashcard Set

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April 12
Pages 281-289
34
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/11/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Afferent Neurons
Definition
  • Signals from both types of sensory receptors are relayed to CNS 
  • sensory neurons
Term
Efferent Neurons
Definition
  • signals are conveyed outward to the heart, blood vessels, and skeletal muscles
  • motor neurons
Term
Interneurons
Definition
  • help integration
  • second class of neurons
  • integrate sensory signals by relaying signals within the CNS
Term
Central Nervous System
Definition
  • recieves and integrates incoming (sensory) signals and responds with outgoing (motor) command signals
  • brain and spinal cord
Term
Peripheral Nervous System
Definition
  • network of sensory receptors that detect internal and external environmental change, and nerves, that transmit information between the CNS and the periphery
  • consists of nerves and sensory receptors
Term
Cauda Equina
Definition
  • fan of nerves that the spinal cord breaks up into
  • literally- tail of horse
  • at the first or second vertebrae
Term
Brainstem
Definition
  • most inferior part of the brain
  • thumb-size piece of tissue that merges with the spinal cord
  • serves as central clearing- house for nerve signals, relaying them to other parts of the brain and spinal cord
  • integrates signals specific to several core physiological processes (sleep, breathing, bp)
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
  • posterior to brain stem
  • fist-sized wedge of tissue that integrates signals in the regulation if body movement
Term
Diencephalon
Definition
  • superior to and branching from the brainstem
  • originates as a single structure from the brainstem but quickly divides into two pecan-sized masses, one on each side
  • contains the hypthalamus (hunger, thirst)
Term
Cerebrum
Definition
  • above the diencephalon
  • provides maximum information assimilations and is home to the highest degree of integration, consiousness
Term
Cerebral hemispheres
Definition
  • connected to opposite sides of the body
  • what the cerebrum is divided into
  • each about the size and shape of a small boxer's glove
Term
Somatic
Definition
  • voluntary, conscious
  • regulate the activity of skeletal muscles
Term
Autonomic
Definition
  • involuntary, unconscious
  • regulate the activity of the heart and viscera (internal organs)
Term
Dendrites
Definition
  • carry message to the axon
Term
Myelin
Definition
  • a fatty whitish substance that is wrapped around axons to facilitate accelerated nerve impulse conduction
Term
gray matter
Definition
  • occurs in three forms: surface layer of the cerebrum, central core in spinal cord, small modules deep within the brain called nuclei
  • where neuronal cell bodies predominate, the tissue is ____
Term
White matter
Definition
  • Where axons are bundled together
Term
Nuclei
Definition
  • small modules deep within the brain IN CNS
Term
Ganglia
Definition
  • modules of cell bodies in PNS
Term
Tract nerves
Definition
  • bundles of axons in the CNS
Term
Nerves
Definition
Bundles of axons in the PNS
Term
Astrocytes
Definition
  • most abundant glial cell
  • starlike shape
  • from a central cell body they send out numerous projections that grip and stabilize nerby neurons and capillaries, anchoring them in place
  • also control the composition of the extracellular fluid by obsorbing and degrading neurotransmitters and excess ions
  • serve as neuronal stem cells
Term
Oligodendrocytes
Definition
  • literally- cells with fre dendrites
  • synthesice the myelin sheath of CNS axons
  • each covers short segments of multiple axons
Term
Microglia
Definition
  • Roaming scavenger cells- the phagocytes- of the CNS. 
  • engulf, digest, and destroy invading organisms and other foreign matter and clean up the debris of dead cells that remains after injury
Term
Ependymal cells
Definition
  • line brain cevities called vetricles
  • act as neuronal stem cells
  • produce cerebrospinal fluid, a plasma-like liquid that cushions and protects movement of this fluid
Term
Schwann cells
Definition
  • major PNS glial cells
  • forms the myelin sheath of the PNS axon
Term
Endoneurium
Definition
  • thin fibrous membrane that covers each axon in the nerve
Term
Perineurium
Definition
  • fibrous membrane that covers bungles of axons (fascicles)
Term
Epineurium
Definition
  • fibrous membrane that covers bundles of fascicles (nerve)
Term
Meninges
Definition
  • sheath the brain and spinal cord
Term
Dura Mater
Definition
  • outermost membrane
  • a strong, thick, fibrous membrane that extends from the brain to the most inferior region of the vertebral column
Term
Arachnoid
Definition
  • middle meningeal membrane
  • very closely lines the inner side of the dura mater
  • thicker than pia mater, thinner than dura mater
Term
Pia Mater
Definition
  • an exceedingly thin membrane only a few cells thick
  • tightly fitted over every prominence and depression in the irragular surface of the brain and spinal cord
Term
Venous Sinuses
Definition
  • ???
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