| Term 
 
        | list a few radiographic signs of hip dysplasia |  | Definition 
 
        | shallow acetabulum, flattened femoral head, less than half of the femoral head inside the acetabulum |  | 
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        | Term 
 
        | when can dogs be certified hip dysplasia free? |  | Definition 
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        | Term 
 
        | what causes patellar luxation |  | Definition 
 
        | a shallow patellar (trochlear) groove |  | 
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        | Term 
 
        | how is patellar luxation commonly treated? |  | Definition 
 
        | surgically deepening the patellar groove |  | 
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        | Term 
 
        | what other lesions may accompany a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament? |  | Definition 
 
        | medial collateral and medial meniscus, tears |  | 
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        | Term 
 
        | how is cranial cruciate rupture physically diagnosed? |  | Definition 
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        | Term 
 
        | what is an osseous outgrowth seen radiographically? |  | Definition 
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        | Term 
 
        | what is the term for an increase in the density of a bone? |  | Definition 
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        | Term 
 
        | what is immobility and consolidation of a joint due to disease, injury or surgical procedure? |  | Definition 
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        | Term 
 
        | what is destruction of a bone, seen as reduced density? (blacker) |  | Definition 
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        | Term 
 
        | what is the most common direction of hip (cosofemoral) luxation? |  | Definition 
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        | Term 
 
        | what is a possible sequela to SH5 fractures (compression)? |  | Definition 
 
        | angular limb deformity (valgus and varus - deviation of bones from axis of the limb past the joint) |  | 
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        | Term 
 
        | what is valgus and varus? how do you remember which is which? |  | Definition 
 
        | vaLgus: Lateral deviation of bones past the joint varus: medial deviation of bones past the joint
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        | Term 
 
        | what results from twisting or overstretching a joint, causing a ligament to tear or separate from its bony attachment? |  | Definition 
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