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Appendicular Musculature Chapter 11
Appendicular Musculature Chapter 11 part one
51
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/05/2012

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Term
Appendicular musulature acounts for about how % in your body?
Definition
40%
Term
What does the appendicular musculature stabilize? What does it do?
Definition

- Pectoral

-Pelvic girdles

 

Moves the upper and lower limbs

Term
What are the two major groups of the appendicular musculature?
Definition

- Muscles of the pectoral girdle and upper limbs.

-Muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs.

Term
Appendicular skeleton is know as what?
Definition
- Freely Movable joints
Term
Movement of the joint is know as what?
Definition
Is Based on joints struture.
Term
Know the movement of a joint will help by what?
Definition

Predict the action of a particular muscle at the joint.

Example: Elbow is a hinge joint so no muscles will cause rotation.

Term
What are the Orientations of a muscle relative to the joint. Give three explains?
Definition

1) Flexion and extension

2) Abduction and Adduction

3)Rotation

Term
What is Flexion and extension?
Definition

-Flexor lies anterior across the joint

-Extensor lies posterior across the joint

Term
What is Abduction and Adduction?
Definition

- Abductors crossses the lateral portion of a joint.

- Adductors crosses the medial portion of a joint.

Term
Rotation is what?
Definition

There are two types of rotations.

1) Medial rotation: Lies across the medial portion of a joint.

2) Lateral rotation: Lies across the lateral portion of a joint.

Term

What is Insertion?

What does it mean?

Definition

Insertion points is the muscle relative to the joint.

Insertion is farther from the joint = stability and movement.

Insertion piont is closed to the joint = Movement.

Term
What is the overview or features of the pectoral girdle and upper limb? 
Definition

- Muscles that position the pectoral girdle.

- Muscle that move the arm.

- Muscles thatmove the forearm and hand.

- Muscles thatmove the hand and fingers.

Term

What is Lecator scapulae?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

- Deep muscle found below the trapezius.

Origin- Transverse processes of the first 4 cervical vertebrae.

Insertion- Vertebral border of the scapula near the superior angle.

Action- Elevates the scapula (shrugging shoulders)

Term

What is Serratus anterior?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

-Boxer's muscle

- Antagonist to the trapezius

Origin- anterior and superior margins of ribs 1-9

Insertion- Anterior surface of the vertebral border of the scapula.

Action- Protracts the shoulder, rotates the scapula so the glenoid cavity moves superiorly.

Term

What is Subclavius:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

Origin- First rib.

Insertion-Clavicle.

Action-Depresses and protracts the shoulder.

Term

What is Pectoralis Minor?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

- Deep to the pectorallis major (muscle that moves the arm)

Origin- Anterior surface of ribs 3-5.

Insertion- Coracoid process of the scapula.

Action- Depresses and protracts the shoulder.

Term

What is Trapezius:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

 

Definition

Origin- Occipital bone and spinous processes of teh thoracic verebrae

Insertion- Clavicle and scapula (acromion and scapular spine)

Action- Depends on the active regions.

Term

What are the actions of the Trapezius?

 

Definition

- Elevate the scapula = superior region

- Retract the scapula = Intermediate region

- Depress the scapula = inferior region

-Rotate the scapula upward = superior region 

- Elevare the clavicle

Term

What is the Deltoid:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

Origin- Clavicle and scapula ( avromion and adjacent scapular spine)

Insertion- Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Action:

Whole muscle- Abduction if the arm

Anterior part- Flexion and medial rotation of the humerus

Posterior part- Extension and lateral rotation of the humerus.

Term

What is Supraspinatus?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

- Assists in the start of abduction by the deltiod.

Origin- Supraspinnous fossa of the scapula

Insertion- Greater tubercle of the humerus.

Action- Abduction of the arm

Term

What is the Teres major:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

 

Definition

Origin- Inferior angle of the scapula.

Insertion- Medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Action- Extension and medial rotation of the arm.

Term

What is the teres minor:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

Origin- Lateral border of the scapula.

Insertion- Greater tubercle of the humerus.

Action- Lateral rotation and adduction of the arm.

Term

What is Subscapularis:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

Origin- Subscapular fossa of the scapula.

Insertion- Lessser tubercle of the humerus.

Action- Medial rotation of the arm.

Term

What is the Infraspinatus:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

Origin- Infraspinous fossa of the scapula.

Insertion- Greater tubercle of the humerus

Action- Lateral rotation of the humerus.

Term

What is the Latissimus dorsi:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

Origin- Spinous process of the inferior thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae.

Insertion- Floor of the intertubcular groove of the humerus.

Action- Extension, adduction, and medial rotation.

Term

What is Pectoralis major:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

Origin- Cartilages of ribs 2-6,body of the sternum and inferior, medial portion of teh clavicle.

Insertion- Crest of the greater tubericle of the humerus and lateral lip of the intertubercular groove

Action- Flexion,adduction and medial rotation.

Term
What is a Rotator Cuff?
Definition

- Tendons of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and teres minor muscle merge with the connective tissue of the shoulder joint to form the rotator cuff.

- Support and strengthen the joint capsule throughout a wide range of motions.

- Powerful repetitive arm movements can place intolerable strain on this muscles.

- May lead to tendon damage,muscle strains,bursists, and other painful injuries.

Term

What is the Biceps brachii: Short and Long heads.

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

Origin-

Short- coracoid process

Long- supraglenoid tubercle

Insertion- Radial Tuberosity

Action- Flexes and supinate the forearm, flexes the shoulder.

Term

What is the Brachialis:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

Origin- Anterior,distal suface of the humerus.

Insertion- Tuberosity of the ulna.

Action- Flexes the forearm at the elbow.

Term

What is Brachioradialis:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

Origin- Lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

Insertion- Styoid process of the radius.

Action- Flexes the forearm at the elbow.

Term

What is Triceps Brachii (long, lateral, and medial heads):

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

Origin-

Lateral- Superior lateral margin of the humerus

Long- Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Medaial- Posterior surface of teh humerus

Insertion- Olecranon process of the ulna

Action- Extends the forearm, long head extension and adduction at the shoulder.

Term

What is the Pronators and Supinators?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

- Pronator teres muscle and the supinator muscle.

- Pronator quadratus muscle

- Originates on the ulna and assists the pronator teres muscle.

Origin- Humerus and Unla 

Insertion- Radus

Action- Rotation of the forearm

Term

What is Flexor carpi ulnaris?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

 

Definition

Origin- Medial epicondyle of the humerus, medial surface of the olecranon.

Insertion- Pisiform, hamate, and base of the 5th metacarpal bone.

Action- Flexes and adducts the hand 

Term

What is Extensor carpi ulnaris:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

Origin- Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, adjacent dorsal suface of the ulna.

Insertion- Base of the 5th metacarpal.

Action- Extends and adducts teh hand at the wrist.

Term

What is Flexor carpi radialis:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

 

Definition

Origin- Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion- Bases of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Action- Flexion and abduction of the wrist.

Term

What is Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

Origin-

Longus- Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus.

Brecis- lateral epicondyle if teh humerus.

Insertion-

Longus- Base of the 2nd metacarpal.

Brecis- Base of the 3rd metacarpal. 

Action- Extension and abduction at the wrist.

Term

What is the muscles that move the forearm and hand?

Summary?

Definition

- Anterior compartment muscles (flexors)

- Posterior compartment mucles (extensors)

Term
What is Anterior compartment muscles (flexors)?
Definition

- Originate on the humerus

- Typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.

Term
What is Posterior compartment muscles (extensors)?
Definition

- Originate on the humerus.

- Insert on the metacarpals and phalanges.

Term
What is Extrinsic muscles?
Definition
- Provides strength and crude control of the hand and fingers.
Term
What goes arocess the muscles extend across the wrist joint?
Definition
Tendons
Term
What keeps the ensures maximum mobility of the wrist and hand?
Definition
Relatively large muscles and keeping them clear of the joints ensures maximum modility.
Term
What are some of the mucsle that ensure maximum mobility?
Definition

- Extensor retinaculum

- Flexor fetinaculum

Term
What is Extensor retinaculum?
Definition
- Wide band of connective tissue that holds the tendons of the extensor muscles in place.
Term
What is the Flexor retinaculum?
Definition
- Holds the tendons of the flexors muscles in place.
Term

What is Extensor digitorum? 

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Definition

- Occupies most of the posterior surface of the forearm and divides into 4 tendons taht insert onn the medial and distal phalanges.

Origin- Lateral epocondyle of the humerus.

Insertion- Posterior surfaces of the phalanges.

Action- Extends the fingers and wrist.

Term

What is Flexor digitorum superficialis?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

 

Definition

- Largest muscle of the forearm.

Origin- Medial epicondyle of the humerus.

Insertion- Bases of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5.

Action- Flexes the fingers, especially the middle phlanax and also flexes the wrist.

Term

 What is the Flexor pollicis longus?

 

Definition

- Flexion at the joints of the thumb.

 

Term
What is Extensor pollicis longus/brevis?
Definition
- Extension at joints of the thumb, abduction at the wrist.
Term

What is the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

Originate?

Functions?

Definition

- Provides fine control of hand movements?

 Originate- on the carpal and metacarpal bones.

Functions

- Flecion and extension and extension of the fingers at the meracarpophalangeal joints

- Abduction and addiction of the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints.

- Opposition and reposition of the thumb.

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