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APEH The Reformation
n/a
30
History
10th Grade
10/22/2014

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Term
Diet of Worms (1521)
Definition
1521; Diet - German parliament/assembly; Held in Worms, Germany and led by Charles V of the HRE; Forbade association with Martin Luther
Term
League of Schmalkald
Definition
Mid-16th c. defensive alliance of German/Lutheran princes. 1546 war with France; goal to replace HRE
Term
Peace of Westphalia (1648)
Definition
1648; Renewed Peace of Augsburg (1555); German states determined religion but Calvinism was added to Lutheranism and Catholicism; Catholic claims to territories were abandoned.
Term
Council of Trent (1545-1563)
Definition
1545-1563; Italy; Catholic officials met to reform and combat the spread of Protestantism. Heresy, indulgences, papal infallibility, corruption, transubstantiation, Jesuit order all addressed.
Term
Justification by Faith
Definition
Luther's doctrine for salvation - that faith alone, not faith and good works - is needed. This is at the heart of Protestantism
Term
Indulgences
Definition
In the RCC, a declaration by church authorities that those who say certain prayers or do good deeds will have some or all of their punishment in purgatory remitted. The unrestricted sale of indulgences as a fund raising effort (Tetzel)put Luther over the edge!
Term
Ninety-Five Theses (1517)
Definition
1517; A list of 95 grievances with the RCC written by Martin Luther and posted on the castle door in Wittenburg.
Term
Peasants Revolt (1524-25)
Definition
1524; Germany; Peasants, enlightened by Luther's statements of equality under God's law, demanded regulation of rents, security of common village rights, etc. Luther repudiated them and encouraged princes to suppress the revolt. Thousands died.
Term
Peace of Augsburg (1555)
Definition
1555; Treaty between Charles V & Schmalkaldic League - "cuius regio, eius religio," = whose region, his religion... as long as religion was either Catholic or Lutheran
Term
Institutes of Christian Religion (1536)
Definition
1536; Published by John Calvin and addressed to the world; Appealed to human reason and justification of faith
Term
Predestination
Definition
Calvin's theory and foundation of Calvinism; Idea that everyone is predestined to go to Heaven (the Elect) or Hell by God; All grace comes from God alone.
Term
Act of Supremacy (1534)
Definition
1534; England Parliament passed declared the English king to be the "Protector and Only Supreme Head of the Church and Clergy of England"
Term
St. Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556)
Definition
1491-1556; Spain; Christian soldier who established the Society of Jesus - Jesuits
Term
Index of Prohibited Books (1559)
Definition
1559; List of prohibited books published by the Holy See to suppress knowledge of heretics
Term
Society of Jesus
Definition
Authorized by Pope Paul III in 1540, the Jesuits constituted a monastic order that focused on civic participation and education in the affairs of the world
Term
Defenestration of Prague
Definition
1618; Beginning of the Thirty Years' War - Bohemian Phase (1618-1625); the Bohemians feared losing Protestant liberties under new emperor so they threw HRE officials out a window
Term
Edict of Restitution (1629)
Definition
1629; Following Catholic success in Thirty Years' War, attempt by Ferdinand II to impose and restore religious and territorial situations reached in Peace of Augsburg (1555)
Term
Gustavus Adolphus (1594-1632)
Definition
1594-1632; Lutheran king of Sweden; created most modern army but died in Thirty Years' War
Term
German Liberties
Definition
Basic freedoms by Germans that allowed each state determine their religion without Catholic claims - upheld by Peace of Westphalia
Term
Union of Utrect (1579)
Definition
1579; Seven northern provinces of Netherlands gained independence from Spain; now called the United Provinces of Netherlands --- Holland
Term
Sir Francis Drake (1540-4596)
Definition
1540-1596; "Most spectacular Seadog," He led the English attack on Spain prior to the Armada
Term
Politiques
Definition
"politicals;" Moderate Catholic and Protestants leaders who put the ideals of the state above religion.
Term
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572)
Definition
1572; Initiated by Catherine de Medici, thousands of Huguenots were unceremoniously murdered on St. Bartholomew's Day in Paris
Term
Edict of Nantes (1598)
Definition
1598; Issued by Henry IV of France ("Paris is well worth a mass"); granted Huguenots substantial rights in a nation primarily Catholic.
Term
Parlement
Definition
The chief judicial body under the French (Ancien) regime
Term
Estates-General
Definition
Representative body of the Three Estates (Old Regime) in France. Between 1589-1610, under Henry IV, was never called to order
Term
Peace of Alais (1629)
Definition
1629; Cardinal Richelieu with Huguenot leaders and signed by Louis XIII... Huguenots had no political rights
Term
Twelve Years' Truce (1609)
Definition
Signed in 1609 by Spanish and Dutch; was set to expire in 1621; was part cause of Thirty Years' War
Term
Spanish Armada (1588)
Definition
Spanish fleet of warships led by King Philip II to attack Protestant England in 1588. Defeated
Term
Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642)
Definition
1585-1642; French nobleman, statesman, clergyman, and secretary of state in 1616 - most powerful person in France under Louis XIII
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