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-Constitutional Convention
-were determined to end the period of economic depression, social uncertainty, and very weak central government that had folloed independence
-the delegates decided to grant the central government important powers |
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| dominant on the Committee |
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-the time from when Napoleon came back from Elba
-in France, he issued appeals for support and marched on Paris with a small band of followers
-Louis XVIII fled
-Napoleon again took command
-his gamble was a desperate long shot because the allies united against him
-at the end, they crushed Napoleons forces at Waterloo and imprisoned him on the rocky island of St. Helena |
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| -declared Austria and Prussia's willingness to intervene in France in certain circumstances and was expected to have a sobering effect on revolutionary France without causing war |
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| American influence on the French |
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-hundreds of books, pamphlets, and articles analyzed the romanticized the American upheaval
-American independence fired the imaginations of those aristocrats who were uneasy with their hereditary privileges and those commoners who yearned for legal equality
-many Europeans believed that the worl was advancing and that America was leading the way |
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-in 1765, the government pushed this through Parliament
-it levied taxes on a long list of commercial and legal documents, diplomas, pamphlets, newspapers, almanacs, dice and palying cards
-the colonists protected the act vigorously and violently
-after their rioting and boycotts against British goods, Parliament repealed the new tax |
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-wrote A Vindication on the Rights of Man
-wrote A Vindication on the Rights of Woman
-wait "i wish to persuade women to endeavor to acquire strengh, both mind and body
-advocated rigorous coeducation which would make women better wives and mothers, good citizens, and even economically independent people
-women could manage businesses and enter politics if men would let them
-men would benefit from their rights
-"the two sexes mutually corrupt and improve each other"
-her work marked the birth of the modern women''s movement for equal rights and was very influential |
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-signed by Napoleon and Pope Pius VII
-the pope gained the right for French Catholics to practice their religion freely
-Napoleon gainst political power by now being able to nominate bishops, pay the clergy, and exert great influence over the Church of France |
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| The Directory's war policy |
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-Napoleon concluded this with Great Britain in 1802
-France remained in control of Holland, the Austrian Netherlands, the west bank of the Rhine, and most of the Italian peninsula |
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| -Austria, Russia, and Sweden jioned with Britain to form this against France shortly before the Battle of Trafalgar |
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-an abbe
-wrote What is the Third Estate?
-argued in 1789 that the nobility was a tiny, overprivileged minority that the neglected Third Estate
constituted the true strength of the French nation |
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-Napoleon scored a brillian victory over the Austrians and the Russians at this battle in 1805
-Alexander I decided to pull back
-Austria accepted large territorial losses in return for peace as the 3rd Coalition collapsed |
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| first revolt against the Grand Empire |
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| joined with the colonies in war |
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| opponents of the US Constitution |
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-Antifederalists
-charged that the framers of the new document had taken too much power from the individual states and made the federal government too strong
-many of them feared for the personal liberties and individual freedoms for which they had just fought
-to overcome these objections, the Federalists promised to spell out these basic freedoms which resulted in the first 10 amendments of the Constitution |
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| Prance's annual budget in the 1780s |
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-the commoners
-some were educated and rich
-many were urban artisans and unskilled day laborers
-a conglomeration of different social groups united by their shared legal status as distinct from the nobility and the clergy
-also, had great popular participation in the elections |
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| revisionist ideas about the French Revolution |
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| elected to represent the Third Estate |
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-most of the representatives that were finally selected by the Third Estate were well-educated, prosperous members of the middle class
-no delegates were elected from the great mass of the laboring poor
-also known as the Estates General |
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| -a pledge by the delegates of the Third Estate not to disband until they had written the constitution |
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| Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
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-issued by the Naitonal Assembly in 1789
-stated that men are born and remain free and equal in rights
-mankind's natural rights are "liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression" |
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| accomplishments of the National Assembly |
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| French military victories |
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| struggle in the National Assembly |
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| 1789 National Assembly pressure |
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-was organized to exclude British goods from the continent
-was a failure
-instead, France suffered which created hard times for French artisans and the middle class |
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| Committee of Public Safety |
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-the Convention gave them the dictatorial power to deal with the national emergency
-Robespierre and the committee advanced with implacable resolution on several fronts in 1793 and 1794
-they collaborated with the patriotic and democractic sans-culottes |
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-had parallel ideas to Wollstonecraft
-lived in France
-a self-taught writer and woman of the people |
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