Shared Flashcard Set

Details

APE - Test 4
APE - Test 4: Regulations, Poverty & Welfare
52
History
Undergraduate 2
05/20/2011

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Federal and State regulations are sources of what?
Definition
business information
Term
True or False: Each state has its own regulatory process and it varies from state to state.
Definition
true
Term
What is the Iron Law of Regulation?
Definition
any regulatory agency creates winners and losers within the affected industry.
Term
What are the first 3 steps of the Federal Regulatory Process?
Definition

1. A bill becomes a law.

 

2. Law is published in the Statutes at Large and eventually in the US Code.

 

3. The law may call for development of specific regulations for a specific subject, or problem and may specify a federal agency to oversee the regulatory process.

Term
What are steps 4 and 5 of the Federal Regulatory Process?
Definition

4. A federal agency drafts a regulation and publishes it in the Federal Register for comments.

 

5. Comments received, revisions may take place; final regulation is published in the Federal Register

Term
What is step 6 of the Federal Regulatory process?
Definition
6. Final regulation will be published in the next annual revision of the Code of Federal Regulations.
Term
How is the CFR organized?
Definition
by subject areas
Term
What are steps 7 & 8 of the Federal Regulatory Process?
Definition

7. Enforcement of the regulation is assigned to specific federal agencies. Some agencies have courts that try violators of regulations.

 

8. Through trial and error, revisions are made to the regulation. Revisions of regulations appear in the FR and then final revisions in the CFR.

Term

What are the 4 steps for state regulatory processes? 

 

Definition

1. Legislative actions (laws)

2. The regulations are written by an agency

3. published in a state registar 

4. administered and enforced by a state agency

Term
True or False: State regulatory processes vary by state, but generally it follows the same procedures as the federal level.
Definition
true
Term
What are the reasons for governmental regulations? (7)
Definition

1. Safety

2. Health

3. Competition

4. Too much competition

5. order in society

6. order in industry

7. externalities

Term
True or False: Regulation involves a lax set of economic and political forces. Public choice analysis provides no insight.
Definition
False: involves complex forces; public provides insight.
Term
What does Public insight suggest for the political economy of regulation?
Definition

1. demand for regulation often stems from special-interest and redistribution concerns.

2. through time regulatory agencies often adopt the views of the interest groups they regulate.

3. regulation is inflexible; it will be slow to adjust to changing conditions.

4. Failure to approve a highly beneficial product will cause fewer problems for regulators than approval of a dangerous product.

Term
True or False: Agencies approving new products (drugs) generally apply tests that are too restrictive from the viewpoint of consumer welfare.
Definition
true
Term
What does traditional economic regulation do?
Definition
seeks to fix prices and/or influence entry into specific industries
Term
During the 1970's widespread dissatisfaction with economic regulation led to what? 
Definition
significant deregulation in the trucking and airline industries.
Term
What does deregulation usually result in?
Definition
new entry, intense competition and discount prices.
Term
what are Health and Safety Regulations designed to do?
Definition
Reduce Risk
Term
What do Health and Safety Regulations do?
Definition
These mandates frequently specify in detail the engineering processes to be followed by the regulated firms and industries.
Term
true or false: while traditional economic regulation is more common, health and safety regulation hasn't been growing.
Definition
false: traditional is less common and health and safety is growing.
Term
governmental regulation is much like what because why?
Definition
a tax. because it increases costs and will lead to higher prices and reduces output.
Term
What does the lack of information generate in regards to health and safety?
Definition
lack of info generates much of the demand for health and safety regulation, also makes it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of each regulatory activity.
Term
social stratification
Definition
the system by which society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy
Term
what does stratification produce?
Definition
social classes
Term
social classes
Definition
categories of people who have similar access to resources and opportunities
Term
the rich
Definition
those families who fall within the top 10% of income distribution
Term
poverty line
Definition
the level of annual income below which a person or family is defined as poor and thus entitled to government assisstance
Term
poverty gap
Definition
the difference between the official poverty line and the actual income of the typical poor household
Term
What is the profile of the US poor?
Definition

1. children at the highest risk

2. african americans & hispanics

3. women

4. single mother's

5. the south and the west

Term
What are the social problems linked with poverty?
Definition

1. poor health

2. substandard housing

3. limited schooling

4. crime and punishment

Term
the link between poverty and health is evident from when?
Definition
birth to old age
Term
the infant mortality rate among the poor is what the national average and and among the poorest, is what the national average?
Definition
two times; four times
Term
What causes homelessness?
Definition
low income coupled with available low-income housing.
Term
due to the focus on street crime are the poor more likely to face acquittal, no trial and no conviction or imprisonment?
Definition
no, the poor are more likely to face arrest, trial, conviction and prison.
Term
social welfare program
Definition
an organized effort by government,private organizations, or individuals to assist needy people defined as worthy of assistance.
Term
What are the characteristics of large-government run welfare programs?
Definition

1. they direct money to specify categories of people

2. they benefit many people

3. they do not significantly change income inequality

Term
When did changes in the welfare system begin to occur?
Definition
Clinton in 1992
Term
what was the result of the changes to the welfare system? public opinion?
Definition

1. The welfare reform act of '96

2. divided opinion on whether people deserve help

Term
What did the Welfare Reform Act of '96 replace?
Definition
the  federal AFDC program with Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
Term
What did the new rules of the Welfare Reform Act require?
Definition

1. able-bodied people receiving benefits to find a job or enroll for job retraining within two years.

 

Term
Can states set their own qualifications for the Welfare Reform Act?
Definition
yes, but they must limit assistance to two consecutive years with a lifetime cap of five years.
Term
What does the Welfare Reform Act direct all states to do?
Definition
all states must move half of single parents receiving welfare into jobs or retraining by 2002
Term
What are the steps of the 2010 Health Care Reform?
Definition

1. you must have medical insurance

2. more health care jobs

3. kids can stay on your policy until age 26

4. insurance can't drop you

5. you can't be denied insurance

6. no maximum limit on coverage

7. no waiting time

Term
What are the reasons for poverty?
Definition

1. marxist theory

2. Multicultural theory

3. Feminist theory

4. conservatives theory

5. liberal theory

6. radical theory

Term
What is the marxist theory?
Definition
the reason for poverty is a capitalist society
Term
What is the Multicultural Theory?
Definition
poverty, race and ethnicity play a role in poverty. poverty involves more than money: cultural capital
Term
What is the feminist theory?
Definition
poverty and patriarchy; sexism
Term
What is the conservative theory?
Definition
focus on personal responsibility, stressing the importance of self-reliance
Term
What is the liberal theory?
Definition
societal responsibility; view poverty as more structural than individual; look for societal solutions
Term
what is the radical theory?
Definition
change the system; poverty is inherent in capitalist society.
Term
true or false: conservatives dismiss social welfare programs and tax plans advocated by liberals as little more than a band-aid applied to the body of a person with an incurable disease. 
Definition
false: radicals dismiss.
Term
true or false: liberals look for society solutions vs. personal solutions like conservatives.
Definition
true
Supporting users have an ad free experience!