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| In the 18th century, it emphasized: (1) liberty of individuals in religion and person; and (2) equality of individuals in the eyes of God and the law |
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| the use of equipment, math and other tools to discover natural laws of the physical world, and discover the truth of natural phenomena. Began in the 1500’s and 1600’s. |
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| Polish scholar who advanced the theory of heliocentrism |
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| English astronomer and mathematician, who created the law of gravity. |
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| French philosophe; satirist who advocated limits on royal power and protection of civil rights |
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| Age of European philosophy and science inspired the Scientific Revolution and the work of Newton to emphasize reason and pursue reform and improve in all aspects of life |
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| Scottish economist, author of Wealth of Nations. He advocated a free market, or laissez-faire economy |
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| Liberal thinker who believed in checks and balances in government- not power in the hand of one monarch- “Spirit of the Laws” |
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| Enlightened thinkers who wanted to reform society |
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| Unpopular British colonial law, soon repealed, which applied a stamp duty on all legal documents, newspapers, and books in America |
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| French dictator who took over France in 1799- and went on to create large empire. |
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| 1773 American protest of manipulation by the Mother Country of their tea purchases, in order to prop up the British East India Company |
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| British radical liberal whose immensely popular pamphlet Common Sense urged American colonists forward toward separation from England |
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| Had no monarch and in which sovereignty rests in the people at large. |
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| U.S. Constitution of 1789 |
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| Founding document of the U.S. government establishing a moderate system of self-government. |
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| King of France (1774-1792) guillotined during Jacobin Terror |
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Infrequently called French parliamentary body made up of three groups:
the clergy, the nobility, and everyone else |
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| Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
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| Credo of the liberal constitution that defined the French Revolution. Listed out God given rights of all people. |
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| The more radical elements in the French Legislative Assembly |
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Conscript army to defend
France from a coalition of other European powers |
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English naval victory over combined French and Spanish forces ending
Napoleon’s overseas ambitions |
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| European agreement that restored the balance of power after the final defeat of Napoleon |
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| Final, decisive defeat of Napoleon ending his second bid for power |
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Walling off of land by 18th century landowners to end the use of communal
land; led to the migration of many peasants to urban areas |
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An economic arrangement between individuals or small producer for
production of handwork at home and payment by the piece; replaced by factory system beginning in 18th century |
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| An economic arrangement whereby entrepreneurs secured raw materials, found parties who would work it, and collected the finished product for sale |
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| First Industrial Revolution |
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Marked by the predominance of Britain, the growing importance of steam
power and the production of textiles and iron in factories |
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| Second Industrial Revolution |
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| using chemicals and petroleum and ultimately electricity to produce goods. |
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| A machine that allowed a much faster creation of thread. |
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| Belief that the Earth revolved around the Sun |
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