Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP104
the digestive system GI TRACT
24
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/16/2021

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what are the 2 groups of organs in the digestive system
Definition
GI TRACT (aka alimentary canal): mouth, most of pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE ORGANS: teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas
Term
what are the 6 six basic functions of digestive system
Definition
ingestion: the process of taking food, drink into the body by swallowing

secretion: a process which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function

mixing and propulsion: alternating relaxations and contraction of smooth muscle in the GI tract

digestion

absorption

defecation
Term
deep to superficial layers of the GI tract
Definition
mucosa
-epithelium: protection, secretion, absorption
-lamina propria: connective tissue with blood and lymphatic vessels for absorption, plus mucosa associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)
-muscularis mucosae: thin layer of smooth muscle that creates folds to increase surface area

submucosa
-connective tissue binding mucosa to muscularis
-contains many blood and lymphatic vessels
-submucosal plexus

muscular
-voluntary skeletal muscle found in mouth, pharynx, upper 2/3 of esophagus, external anal sphincter
-involuntary tooth muscle everywhere else (arranged in inner circular and outer longitudinal fibre / myenteric plexus between mm layers

serosa
-outermost coverings of organs suspended in abdominopelvic cavity
-AKA visceral peritoneum
-esophagus lacks serosa - has adventitia
Term
2 innervations of the GI tract
Definition
enteric nervous system
-intrinsic set of nerves "brain of the gut"
-two plexuses (submucosal plexus: controlling secretions / myenteric plexus: GI tract motility)

autonomic nervous system (ANS)
-extrinsic set of nerves
-parasympathetic stimulation increases secretions and activity; sympathetic stimulation decreases secretions and activity
Term
what is the peritoneum
Definition
-its the largest serous membrane of the body
-divided into
-parietal peritoneum: lines wall of cavity
-visceral peritoneum: covers organs (serosa)
-the space between is *peritoneal cavity*
-5 major peritoneal folds: greater omentum, falciform ligament, lesser omentum, mesentery, mesocolon
Term
significance of greater omentum
Definition
-drapes over transverse colon and small intestine
-contains large amount of adipose tissue
-contains lymph nodes
Term
falciform ligament significance
Definition
-attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall ( the only digestive organ to do so ) and diaphragm
Term
lesser omentum significance
Definition
-suspends stomach and duodenum form liver
-pathway for blood vessels entering liver (hepatic portal vein, common hepatic artery, common bile duct)
-some lymph nodes
Term
mesentery significance
Definition
-double layered structure
-attaches jejunum and ileum of small intestine to posterior abdominal wall
-blood and lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes are found b/w the layers
Term
mesocolon significance
Definition
-2 separate folds that bind transverse colon and sigmoid colon to posterior abdominal wall
-contains blood and lymphatic vessels
Term
what is oral (buccal) cavity formed of and consist of what components
Definition
-formed by cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tongue
-labia, labial frenulum, oral vestibule, oral cavity proper, faucet, palate (hard and soft), uvula, palatoglossal arch, palatopharyngeal arch
Term
what is the salivary gland purpose
Definition
to release saliva into oral cavity
-when food enters mouth secretion increases to lubricate dissolve and begin chemical digestion
Term
list 3 major salivary glands that secrete saliva and location
Definition
parotid: inferior and anterior to ears, b/w skin and masseter muscle

submandibular: in the floor of mouth, medial and partly inferior to body of the mandible

sublingual: beneath tongue and superior to submandibular glands
Term
what does saliva consist of
Definition
-99.5% water
-0.5% solutes: ions, dissolved gases, urea, uric acid, mucous, immunoglobulin A, lysozyme, salivary amylase (acts on starch)
Term
what controls and stimulates salivation
Definition
-controled by ANS
-parasympathetic stimulation promotes secretion of saliva; sympathetic stimulation decreases secretion
Term
what is the tongue and compartments and functions
Definition
- skeletal mm covered with mucous membrane
-extrinsic mm: maneuver food for chewing, shaping masses, forces food back for swallowing
-intrinsic mm: aid in speech and swallowing
-lingual frenulum: limits posterior tongue movement
-papillae: contain taste buds or touch receptors
-lingual glands: secret salivary lipase for triglycerides
Term
3 major regions of theet
Definition
crown root neck
Term
what are the 2 dentitions (sets of teeth)
Definition
deciduous: 6 month - 6-12 yr (20 total teeth)

permanent teeth: 6yr old to adult (32 total teeth)
Term
2 processes of digestion
Definition
mechanical & chemical
Term
3 types of pharynx and functions
Definition
-nasopharynx: only respiration

-oropharynx & laryngopharynx : digestive and respiratory functions
Term
esophagus functions
Definition
collapsible muscular tube that secretes mucous and transports food, no enzymes produced and no absorption
Term
4 layers of esophagus
Definition
mucosa: protection against wear and tear

submucosa

muscularis: superior 1/3 (skeletal muscle) / middles 1/3 (skeletal and smooth muscle) / inferior 1/3 (smooth muscle)
- 2 sphincters: upper esophageal sphincter (use) regulates movement into esophagus / lower esophageal sphincter (les) regulates movement into stomach

adventitia (no serosa): attaches to surroundings
Term
what is deglutition
Definition
act of swallowing facilitated by saliva and mucous involving the mouth, pharynx and esophagus
Term
3 stages of deglutition and functions
Definition
-voluntary: bolus passed to oropharynx

-pharyngeal: involuntary passage through pharynx into esophagus

-esophageal: involuntary passage through esophagus to stomach
Supporting users have an ad free experience!