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| Dominican friar, had been a conquestador, becmae a priest, initiated struggle for justice and supported peaceful conversion of the Native american population of the Spanish colonies; opposed forced labor and advocated Indian rights |
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| In 1519 led 600 men down the coast of Mexico, establed base at Veracruz, attacked Aztecs, hired some Indians not happy with ruling, captured Tenochtitlan |
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| Last independent Aztec emperor; killed during Cortes' conquest of Tenochtitlan |
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| conquered Araucanian Indians in central Chile, established city of Santiago |
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| Forced labor in Peru; essential aspect of Inca imperial control |
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| large silver Mine in Peru; produced 80% of Peruian silver |
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| Location of mercury mines in south American where Indians were forced to work |
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| merchant guild in Seville; associated with Board of Trade (Casa de la Contraction); enjoyed monopoly rights over goods shipped to America |
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| Treaty between Castile and Portugal that wrote out the influence and right of possession of the two kingdoms by drawing a hypothetical north/south line |
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| 1755=1776, Portugal's authoritarian prime minister, tried to break England's hold on Portugese economy, expelled Jesuits, enacted fiscal reforms and establed monopoly companies to stimulate colonial economy. |
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| descendent of Inca family, led revolt against 'bad government' |
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| Spanish Board of Trade, out of Seville, regulated commerce with New World, |
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| whites born in New World, ranked just below peninsulares (people from Spain) |
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| American social system based on racial origins, white=top, black = bottom, mixed = middle |
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| Royal court of appeals established in Spanish colonies of New World, 10 in each viceroyalty |
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| university trained lawyers from Spain |
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| Set of laws for basis of government and colonies, basis of law in the Indies |
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| War of Spanish Succession |
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| between 1702--1703, resulted from the Bourbon family, ended by the Treaty Utrecht, resulted in some recognition of Bourbons, loss of some lands, and grants of commercial rights to French and English. |
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| Minister of the Indies after he spent 6 years there, created Intendancy system |
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| 1781, Royal Army is defeated and viceroy fled from Bogota, rebel army almost took the capital |
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| 17th century nun, author, poet, musician, social thinker, beautiful, courts listened to her |
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| "general minds," in 1695, gold strikes made in the mountainistic area of this region |
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| colony on island of Santo Domingo in Caribbean, founded by Colombus, Spanish base of operations for further discoveries in New World |
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| 1540-1542 led expedition in search of 7 mythical cities of gold, penetrated much of SW U.S. |
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| strips of land along Brazilian coast granted to minor POrtugese nobles for development, enjoyed limited success in developing colony. |
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| aimed at strengthening state and tis economy, desire for strong centralized government, economic, administrative, and military refors, it was an aim to revive Spain |
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| Brazil- world's leading sugar producer |
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| exchanges from Old World to New World, especially bringing animals, disease, and crops in return for gold. |
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