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| What created the great lakes? |
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| When the ice age glaciers disapeared about 10,000 years ago it changed the landscape by picking away at the topsoil. This left depressions into which the melting glaciers filled into. |
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| A huge inland sea in present day Utah, Nevada and Idaho. When it eventually evaporated, due to no inlet or outlet, it turned into a dry desert, today known as THE GREAT BASIN. The great SALT LAKE is a small living remainder of what was there. |
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| Who were the first people to cross over to n america? |
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| How did these hunters people get to america? |
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Definition
| they crossed the Bering isthmus (between siberia and alaska) during the ice age. They were probably following herds of gane |
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| When did the ice age end? what else did this end? |
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Definition
| 10,000 years ago. it ended further immigration over the ice bridge. |
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Term
| What happened to these asian hunters over time? |
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Definition
| They split into countless tribes, made more than 2,000 SEPARATE LANGUAGES and many diverse cultures and religions |
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| By the time europeans arrived in 1492, how many people lived in the americas? |
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| who practiced human sacrifices such as cutting out hearts |
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| Incas and aztecs population primarily fed off of ____. it made their population complex, large scaled and centralized |
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| corn turned nomadic hunting bands into ________. |
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| In north America where the colonists first came to, there were no huge societies such as the incas or mayans |
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Definition
| this was one reason that the colonists had such ease with the indians |
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| Three-sister farming *important* |
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Definition
| beans growing on the cornstalks, and squash covering it all to retain moisture in the soil. used amongst Choctaw and cherokee people |
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| biggest north american society |
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Definition
| the Iroquois. they had a robust military alliance |
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| In north america, people gave much authority to ______. |
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| power and possessions passed down the female side of the family line |
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| The native americans left the earth alone while europeans |
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Definition
| wanted to alter the lay of the land with technologie |
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Term
| why were there alot of open parklike woodlands? |
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Definition
| indians had set fire to them for better hunting grounds |
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Term
| VERY FIRST europeans to america? |
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Definition
| norse seafearers from scandinavia. |
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Term
| The norse people came across an area in Newfoundland and named it ______ because of all the grapes. This area did not last long at all. |
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| who were the biggest indirect discovers of america |
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| They agressively fought muslims for the Holy Land. in doing so, they brought back many things from asia such as silk, drugs, perfumes,colorful draperies and spices. This gave Europeans a unsatiable desire for asian goods. Which made them try to find mulitple ways to get there. Which led to the accidental discovery of america |
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Definition
italian adventurer
went to china for 20 years and came back with many stories
his book stimulated for cheaper routes to china |
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| First to sail along the coast of africa |
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Definition
| PORTUGESE. they invented the CARAVEL, a ship that could sail into the wind. |
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Term
| Europeans had no direct access to sub-saharan africa until _______??? |
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Definition
| these PORTUGESE navigators began to go down the western coast of africa in the mid 1400s |
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Term
| portugese set up trading posts in africa for _____ and ______. |
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| ________ _____ _________, or even africans themselves sold the slaves. They mixed up slaves from the same tribes to avoid organized resistence |
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| slave trading became a big business for the portugese. here they founded the origins of __________, on large-scale agriculture and slaves |
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| he was the first to round the southernmost tip of africa in 1488 |
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| in 1458, he was the first european to make it all the way to india by boat |
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Term
| The kingdom of spain became united because of ___? |
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Definition
| the expulsion of muslim moors and the marriage of ferdidnand of aragon and isabella of castille |
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Term
| Because the portugese controlled the gateway to India to the south and east, spain looked ____-ward |
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Definition
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Term
| what thing in the 1300s natured an ambitious spirit of optimism and adventure |
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| what two new inventions aided power and exploration around this time |
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Definition
| printing press and compass |
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Definition
-italian, but worked for spanish.
-aquired 3 boats form the spanish and headed westward
-1492, after 6 weeks they reached the bahamas. thought it was the indies |
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| tobacco, maize, beans, tomatoes, and potatoes |
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| columbus returned to haiti with 17 ships that had many _____ onboard |
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| columbus brought _____ ____ which thrived in the warm Caribbean temperature. many africans were brought over to produce this |
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| what were the diseases europeans brought to america? |
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Definition
| smallpox, yellow fever and malaria |
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| disease that indians gave to europeans |
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Definition
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Term
| The treaty of Tordesillas |
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Definition
| Treaty amongst spain and portugal that divided up the new worlds land. Even though there were millions of people already living there |
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| completed the first circumnavigation around the globe. spanish. killed in the phillipines. |
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Definition
| crushed the incas of peru in 1532. and captured a huge board of booty from them lol ;) |
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Term
| what caused inflation in europe? |
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Definition
| this flood of precious metal from the incas. inflation up to 500%. some people say this fed the growth of capitalism. |
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Term
| islands of the carribean sea= |
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| west indies were used for _____? |
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Definition
| labratory testing tequniques |
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Definition
| the governement could give indians to colonists in return for the promise to Christianize them |
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| how did the conquistadors achieve immortality? |
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Definition
| because of a scarcity of spanish women, many conquistadors married indian women. |
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Term
| the term for the mixture of european and indian person |
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Definition
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Term
| how did HERNAN CORTES know the language of the aztecs he was about to conquer? |
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Definition
| he picked up a spanish castaway enslaved by mayans and a indian slave who knew both mayan and aztec. this gave him great power |
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| what does noche triste mean? what happened then? |
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| sad night. the aztecs attacked the spanish. |
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| what two things greatly diminished (200 mill to 2 mill in 100 years) the aztec population? |
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Definition
| conquest of the spanish and disease (smallpox) |
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| the new race of mestizos were created and mexicos celebrate "dia de la raza"- |
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| the birthday of a wholey new race of people |
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Term
| to protect their area, the spanish created |
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Definition
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| the spaniards cruely abused which people? |
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Definition
| the pueblo indians in new mexico |
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Term
| in new mexico, the reilgious missionaries efforts to supress native religious customs provoked the _______ ___. |
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Definition
| popes war. a indian uprising |
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| what did the indians do in popes Rebellion? |
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Definition
| destroyed every catholic church and province and killed 20 preists and 100s of spanish settlers |
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| the concept held by indians that conquerers tortured and butchered the indians "killing for christ", stole their gold, and infected them with smallpox |
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| compared to the english, their colonial establishment was larger and richer, and it was destined to endure longer |
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