Term
| Unifying themes of Progressivism |
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Definition
| urban, middle class, optomistic, believed in a difference between wealth and gross fortune, wanted something between capitalism and socialism, supported Govt intervention and Social gospel movement |
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| State and National Reforms |
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Definition
| secret ballot, direct primaries and elections of senators, initiative, referendum, recall, G.I.T., prohibition, women's suffrage, regulation of BB and utilities, workmens compensation, lobbying reform |
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| "The Jungle", took jobs in meat packing industry to uncover the filth and lack of cleanliness, socialist |
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| wrote an expose of the Standard Oil Company and Rockefeller, led to the breakup/ downfall of Standard Oil |
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Definition
| watched Triangle Shirtwaist fire, leader in the area of work reform and child labor laws |
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| Women's Christian Temperance Union and Anti Saloon League worried about immigrants and sought social control, started in the WEST, 18th Amendment |
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| Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott |
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| demanded the right to vote and social equality, published "The Crisis", the "Talented Tenth", Niagara Mvmt- NAACP founder, wanted to educate an army of lawyers |
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Definition
| supported Anti-lynching laws and enforced lynching as a federal crime |
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Term
| President McKinley Assassination |
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Definition
| assassinated Sept. 1901 at Pan American Exposition, shot by Leon Czolgosz- polish immigrant assassin |
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Definition
| "The Trust Buster", Progressive reformer, Gov of NY and President of USA |
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Definition
| woman and child labor laws, curbed sweatshop abuses, taxation of big corps, "Square Deal" |
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Definition
| TR, balance between free enterprise and corporate responsibility, nicknamed the Fair Deal |
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Term
| Northern Securities vs. USA 1904 |
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Definition
| 1st successful prosecution under Sherman Anti Trust Act, Northern Securities held a RR monopoly, Supreme Court sues as a business in restraint of trade |
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Term
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Definition
| made it illegal to give or accept rebates |
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Term
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Definition
| TR's crowning point, companies in restraint of trade were now guilty until proven innocent, ICC could lower rates at disgretion |
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Definition
| Freedom of the seas, league of nations, disarm agressive nations, democratic govts, no fines for GR |
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Definition
| TR, Big Business needs Big Govt to regulate it |
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Definition
| GR reparations of $33 billion, GR signs war guilt clause, GR lost colonies, limited GR army, navy and air force, opened a door for Russian Communism in new, weak nations |
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Term
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Definition
| "The Old Guard", defeats WJB and Debs, lower tariffs, break up monopolies, and strengthen ICC, broke up Standard Oil, American Tobacco, and US Steel |
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Term
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Definition
| Taft, lower the tariff, only angered Republicans |
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Term
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Definition
| Strengthened ICC, fix maximum rates on RR, regulate telegraph and phone industry |
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Term
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Definition
| Repub party split btw conservatives and progressives, Bull Moose Party- TR, Dems- Woodrow Wilson, Socialists- Eugene Debs, Repubs- Taft |
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Definition
| TR, supported New Nationalism, promised Fed regulations of business and comprehensive social welfare legislation, regulate monopolies, Wisconsin ideas, 1st President to offer rights to women |
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Term
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Definition
| WW, pledged to end monopoly, restore free competition, establish the right of labor to bargain collectively, regulate competition |
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Definition
| reduced the tariff and led to the 16th Amendment- G.I.T. |
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Definition
| investigate business practices of interstate corps, with this Wilson goes after more monopolies than TR and Taft combined |
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Definition
| strengthens Sherman Anti Trust Act, exempts labor and agriculture from anti trust laws, legalizes collective bargaining, barred corps from buying stocks in competition |
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Definition
| capitalism and social darwinism, european colonies in various countries |
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Definition
| Competition for Chinese coast and war, Chinese protest in Boxer Rebellion |
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Definition
| accpeted by USA, China wanted BR out, 1st time US articulates vision of world power, allows all nations freedom of trade |
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Term
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Definition
| wanted a greater east Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere so US can have raw materials and manufacture goods, Go to war w/ Russia for oil and iron ore, Navy parade around the world, Big Stick Policy |
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Term
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Definition
| continues Dollar Diplomacy, intervention in Nicaragua, pay off debt of Caribbean nations by invading and reorganizing, keep Europe out of West Hem |
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| Missionary Diplomacy, hated Big Stick Diplomacy of intimidation and military intervention, Mexican revolution |
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Term
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Definition
| Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, Alliances |
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Term
| German von Schlieffen Plan |
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Definition
| plan on how to fight a 2 front war, plan fails, Germany made too many inaccurate assumptions about their enemies |
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Term
| US Declaration of Neutrality |
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Definition
| claimed by Wilson, Tangible BR blockade and intangible GR blockade |
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Definition
| plan to keep USA out of the war, foreigners could come over flying their flag and buy raw materials with cash, no loans, BR becomes exhausted USA loans $2million and now USA must act to stop GR advancement |
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Term
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Definition
| over Zimmerman note and unrestricted submarine warfare, US starts mobilization for war by Selective Service Bill |
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Term
| American Expeditionary Force |
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Definition
| Major General John J. "Blackjack" Pershing led regiments and used convoy system for ships, 1 million trained and in Europe in 1 year, wanted US men to fight as separate army (not combined w foreign nations) |
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Term
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Definition
| beginning of marxist/leonist communism, propoganda for global revolution |
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Term
| Johnson Reed Act/ Immigration Act 1921/1924 |
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Definition
1919- 141,000/yr
1921- 805,000/yr
JR Act/ Imm Act 1921/24
quota system, max of 2% ethnic population, 150,000 total immigrants/ yr, maintained Gentleman's Agreement (No Japanese) |
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Term
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Definition
| Prohibition "Fishbowl" and Ohio Gang, Charles Forbes and the Veterans Bureau (kickbacks), Thomas Miller and Alien Properties Custodian, Sec of Interior Albert Fall and Teapot Dome and Elk Hills Scandal |
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Term
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Definition
| conspiracy theory deluxe, poisened by wife?, Coolidge becomes President- whatever is good for business is good for the US and vice versa |
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Term
| John T. Scopes Monkey Trial |
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Definition
| trail on evolution teaching in public schools, WJB prosecutor and expert on the Bible, Scopes found guilty, Clarence Darrow and ACLU defend Scopes |
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Term
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Definition
| 18th Amendment, The noble experiment, manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol was illegal, thought alcohol brought corruption and violence to society |
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Term
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Definition
| created Prohibition Bureau to enforce the law |
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Term
| St. Valentine's Day Massacre |
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Definition
| members of the O'Banion gang killed by fake police, led to the formation of the Untouchables led by Elliot Ness- takes on Al Capone and sends him to jail for tax evasion |
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Term
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Definition
| farms and industry- production exceeded consumption, RR's lose out to cars, buses and trucks, textiles face foreign competition, reduced demand of mining and lumbar since the war, Multiplier Effect on industries |
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Term
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Definition
| NEVER PASSED, Govt ownership of farm surplus, store it and wait for shortage, then sell it, Govt can sell surplus in global market, any loss covered by domestic tax on food, vetoed by Coolidge |
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Term
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Definition
| 3% of US owned stock, stock values were beyond value of the companies, people bought on a margin, runs on the banks |
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Term
| Causes of the Great Depression |
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Definition
| Less competitive industry, farms and industry produced more than they sold, installment buying, banking credit and speculation, unequal distribution of wealth |
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Term
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Definition
| tax cuts, spending to balance the budget, Public Buildings Act and Hawley Smoot tariff, Happy Talks, Grass roots solution, Emergency Committee for unemployment, vetoes Muscle Shoales (like TVA) |
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Term
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation |
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Definition
| bail out the banks, RR's, and factories, bail out the wealthy to help the poor (trickle down economics) |
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Term
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Definition
| Unemployment rose, Industrial production dropped, Banks closed, Investment dropped, wages were cut |
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Term
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Definition
| Hoover, decentralized local responsibility, must avoid socialism seen in WWI, Govt involvement destoys individual initiative, restrictions on Govt involvement, No Laissez-Faire |
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Term
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Definition
| WWI Vets demand early bonus payment, 1/2 payment vetoed by Hoover, Congress overrides, Anacosta Flats- Hoover orders eviction of marchers by US Army (Army fighting the Army) |
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Term
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Definition
| Harry Hopkins- social worker and architect of the New Deal, when FDR goes to Hot Springs the Brain Trust takes over, Louis Brandeis, Felix Frankfurter, Henry Morgan, Rexford Tugwell and Frances Perkins (1st woman in the cabinet) |
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Term
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Definition
| Keynesian or pump priming economics, $ invested in the people, Fireside chats to explain programs to the american people |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| New Deal Critics from the Left |
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Definition
wanted Govt to do more to end depression
Huey Long, wanted to share the wealth, Francis Townsend and Townsend Plan, Fr. Charles Coughlin and the radio priest |
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Term
| New Deal Critics from the Right |
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Definition
| wanted the Govt to stay out of the economy and let the Depression heal itself, feared socialism, American Liberty League, wanted to "defend and uphold the constitution" |
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Term
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Definition
| Federal Housing Admin, Works Progress Admin, National Youth Admin, Social Securities Act, Civilian Conserv Corp |
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Term
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Definition
| strong supporter, National Industrial Recovery Act guaranteed works the right to unions and collective baragining, Wagner Act- enforced right to collective bargaining |
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Term
| Washington Disarmament Conference 1921 |
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Definition
| goal was naval disarmament and political situation in far east, Five Power Treaty limiting ships and navy size |
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Term
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Definition
| nations dedicated to outlawing aggression and war, 62 nations signed it, no actual means of enforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| US wouldnt recognize any territory aquired by force, made Japan mad, FDR continues Hoover's policy until 1941 |
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Term
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Definition
| all nations in western hemisphere united, policy of non-intervention and cooperation, Buenos Aires conference "Hemispheric Solidarity", don't take help from Hitler and facism |
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Term
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Definition
| called for national referendum on any declaration of war by congress, NEVER PASSED |
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Term
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Definition
| Japan bombed US boats on Yangtze River,promised no more attacks |
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Term
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Definition
| split Poland and keep a peaceful border, Stalin believed Hitler, GR troops invade Poland, WWII BEGINS |
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Term
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Definition
| Big 3 meet agree on: free elections, League of nations in form of United Nations, GR unconditional surrender and no reparations, USSR must declare war on Japan within 90 days |
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Term
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Definition
| USSR dec of war against Japan, Stalin wants Poland dictatorship, Japan unconditional surrender, Alamagordo test- 1st successful test of A bomb |
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