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| an American theologian and Congregational clergyman, whose sermons stirred the religious revival, called the Great Awakening. He is known for his “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God “sermon. |
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| was a newspaper printer in the eighteenth century. Using the power of the press, he protested the royal governor in 1734-35. He was put on trial for this "act of treason." The jury went against the royal governor and ruled Zenger innocent. This set the standards for democracy and, most importantly, for the freedom of the press. |
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| He owned a successful printing and publishing company in Philadelphia. He conducted studies of electricity, invented bifocal glasses, the lighting rod, and the stove. He was a important diplomat and statesman and eventually signed the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States. |
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| Born around 1753, Wheatley was a slave girl who became a poet. At age eight, she was brought to Boston. Although she had no formal education, Wheatley was taken to England at age twenty and published a book of poetry. Wheatley died in 1784. |
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| Whitefield came into the picture in 1738 during the Great Awakening. He was a great preacher who had recently been an alehouse attendant. Everyone in the colonies loved to hear him preach of love and forgiveness because he had a different style of preaching. This led to new missionary work in the Americas in converting Indians and Africans to Christianity, as well as lessening the importance of the old clergy. |
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| were a group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian hills that wanted protection from Indian attacks. They made an armed march on Philadelphia in 1764. They protested the lenient way that the Quakers treated the Indians. Their ideas started the Regulator Movement in North Carolina. |
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| was a religious revival held in the 1730's and 1740's to motivate the colonial America. Motivational speakers such as Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield helped to bring Americans together. |
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| was a movement during the 1760's by western North Carolinians, mainly Scots-Irish, that resented the way that the Eastern part of the state dominated political affairs. They believed that the tax money was being unevenly distributed. Many of its members joined the American Revolutionists. |
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| A place where immigrants of different cultures or races form an integrated society. |
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| A group of people forming a distinct unit within a larger group by virtue of certain refinements or distinctions of belief or practice. |
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| One who agitates, especially one who engages in political agitation. |
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| the act or process or arranging persons into classes or social strata. |
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| The movement of people, as from one social group, class, or level to another |
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| A group or class of persons or a member of such a group or class, enjoying superior intellectual, social, or economic status. |
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| A home for the poor that is maintained by private charity. Or simply a poor house. |
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| People of gentle birth, good breeding, or high social position. |
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| One who farms land owned by another and pays rent in cash or in kind |
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| A body of laws relating to crimes and offenses and the penalties for their commission. |
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| The vested power or constitutional right of one branch or department of government to refuse approval of measures proposed by another department, especially the power of a chief executive to reject a bill passed by the legislature and thus prevent or delay its enactment into law. |
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| One bound by legal agreement to work for another for a specific amount of time in return for instruction in a trade, art, or business. |
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| Contemplation or consideration of a subject; meditation. The process of selecting investments with higher risk in order to profit from an anticipated price movement. |
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| A revival of the church in people who were not members of the clergy. |
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| In the early 1700's, old lights were simply orthodox members of the clergy who believed that the new ways of revivals and emotional preaching were unnecessary. New lights were the more modern- thinking members of the clergy who strongly believed in the Great Awakening. These conflicting opinions changed certain denominations, helped popularize missionary work and assisted in the founding educational centers now known as Ivy League schools |
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| A British law passed in 1773 to change a trade pattern in the American colonies by taxing molasses imported into colonies not ruled by Britain. Americans responded to this attempt to damage their international trade by bribing and smuggling. Their protest of this and other laws led to revolution. |
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| was a French explorer who sailed to the West Indies, Mexico, and Panama. He wrote many books telling of his trips to Mexico City and Niagara Falls. His greatest accomplishment was his exploration of the St. Lawrence River and his latter settlement of Quebec. |
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| Wolfe was the British general whose success in the Battle of Quebec won Canada for the British Empire. Even though the battle was only fifteen minutes, Wolfe was killed in the line of duty. This was a decisive battle in the French and Indian War. |
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| was a British leader from 1757-1758. He was a leader in the London government, and earned himself the name, "Organizer of Victory". He led and won a war against Quebec. Pittsburg was named after him. |
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| was a British commander during the French and Indian War. He attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755. He was defeated by the French and the Indians. At this battle, Braddock was mortally wounded. |
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| was responsible for naming Louisiana. He was the first European to float down the Mississippi river to the tip from Canada and upon seeing the beautiful river valley named Louisiana after his king Louis XIV in 1682. |
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| Indian Chief; led post war flare-up in the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes Region in 1763; his actions led to the Proclamation of 1763; the Proclamation angered the colonists. |
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| were a group of French Protestants that lived from about 1560 to 1629. Protestantism was introduced into France between 1520 and 1523, and the principles were accepted by many members of the nobility, the intellectual classes, and the middle class. At first the new religious group was royally protected, but toward the end of the reign of King Francis I they were persecuted. Nevertheless, they continued to grow. |
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| A conference in the United States Colonial history form June 19 through July 11, 1754 in Albany New York. It advocated a union of the British colonies for their security and defense against French Held by the British Board of Trade to help cement the loyalty of the Iroquois League. After receiving presents, provisions and promises of Redress of grievances. 150 representatives if tribes withdrew without committing themselves to the British cause. |
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| Was a war fought by French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley-- English defeated French in1763. Historical Significance: established England as number one world power and began to gradually change attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse. |
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| was an English law enacted after gaining territory from the French at the end of the French and Indian War. It forbade the colonists from settling beyond the Appalachian Mountains. The Colonists were no longer proud to be British citizens after the enactment. The Proclamation of 1763 caused the first major revolt against the British. |
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| of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation |
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| One who is authorized to perform religious functions in a Christian church, especially a Protestant church. A person serving as an agent for another by carrying out specified orders or functions. |
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| A civil officer with power to administer and enforce law. |
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| A member of the class constituted by small farmers and tenants, sharecroppers, and laborers on the land where they form the main labor force in agriculture. |
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| a French Canadian trapper |
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| A woodsman, boatman, or guide employed by a fur company to transport goods and supplies between remote stations in Canada or the U.S. Northwest. |
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| A group of vehicles owned or operated as a unit. |
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| The science of the relationships between organisms and their environments. |
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| Unruly, disaffected, turbulent, and/or uncontrollable |
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| Important or essential in relation to a plan of action. |
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| -a type of military action using small mobile irregular forces to carry out surprise tactics against hostile regular forces. |
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| Something that lessens or absorbs the shock of an impact |
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| The surrounding and blockading of a city, town, or fortress by an army attempting to capture it. |
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| Belonging to or constituting the permanent army of a nation. Customary, usual, or normal. |
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| The act of granting certain powers or the authority to carry out a particular task or duty. |
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