Term
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Definition
A state of mutual hostility short of direct armed confrontation
US vs USSR |
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Term
| How did the emerging of the Cold War change the United States? |
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Definition
- Spurred a quarter of a century of economic growth and prosperity (25 years)
- Propelled research in medicine and science (made lives longer and better)
- Expanded higher education (college - made many Americans part of the middle class)
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Term
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Definition
| Machines performing industrial operations faster and more accurately than human workers |
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Term
GI Bill of Rights
- Designed to Do
- Gave Veterans
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Definition
Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944
- Designed to forestall the expected recession by easing veterans back into the work force, and reward the "soldier boys" and reduce their fears of female competition
- Gave veterans:
- priority for many jobs
- occupational guidance
- 52 weeks of unemployment benefits
- four years of further education
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Term
| What products defined the middle-class lifestyle in 1946? |
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Definition
New Products
- Televisions
- High-Fidelity Phonographs
- Filter Cigarettes
- Automatic Transmissions
- Freezers
- Air Conditioners
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Term
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Definition
- Created the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to stabilize exchange rates by valuing ("pegging") other currencies in relation to the US dollar.
- Established the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (world bank) to help rebuild war-battered Asia and Europe.
- Laid the groundwork for the 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) to break up closed trading blocs and expand international trade.
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Term
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Definition
The only major domestic accomplishment of the 79th Congress
- Comitted the federal government to ensuring economic growth and established the Council of Economic Advisers to confer with the president and formulate policies for maintaining:
- employment
- production
- purchasing power
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Term
| What was the nation's chief economic problem? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Resettling people in small communities in the country's vast open spaces |
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Term
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Definition
| Practiced by schoolchildren: Crawling under their desks and putting their hands over their heads |
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Term
| What stood at the heart of the strife between the US and the USSR? |
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Definition
| The destiny of Eastern Europe, especially Poland |
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Term
| Yalta Declaration of Liberated Europe |
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Definition
All nations previously under German control would have a democratic government
Stalin barred free elections in Poland and brutally suppressed Polish democratic parties. Poland was "not only a question of honor for Russia, but one of life and death." |
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Term
| What were the satellite nations? |
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Definition
| Countries under Soviet control |
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Term
Who is George F. Kennan?
Why was he important? |
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Definition
Who:
- American diplomat in Moscow
Why is he important:
- He wired a long telegram to his superiors at the State Department
- Described Soviet expansionism as unstoppable
- Offered the policy of containment.
- Truman = "get tough with Russia"
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Term
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Definition
| A doctrine uniting military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to prevent communism from spreading and to enhance America's security and influence abroad. |
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Term
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Definition
- Speach by Winston Churchill
- Said that the communist world should be seperated from the western world
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Term
| Atomic-Energy Control Plan |
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Definition
Truman to the United Nations
Requiring the Soviet Union stop all work on nuclear weapons and to submit to UN inspections before the US would destroy its own atomic arsenal.
USSR rejected the plan
Congress established the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) to develop nuclear energy and nuclear weaponry. |
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Term
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Definition
Truman's statement of a new policy of active US engagement to contain communism. It persisted long after the crisin in the Mediterranean.
Laid the foundation for American Cold War policy for much of the next four decades. |
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Term
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Definition
Advocated by the secretary of state.
Another weapon in the arsenal against the spread of communism.
End the economic devastation believed to spawn communism.
Denounced by the Left as a "Martial Plan" and by the Right as a "Share-the-American-Wealth Plan" |
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Term
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Definition
The USSR blocked all rail and highway routes throught the Soviet zone into Berlin in June 1948.
Stalin thought the Western powers would have to abandon plans to created a West German nation or accept a communist Berlin.
Truman ordered a massive airlift to provide Berliners with the food and fuel necessary for survival. "Operation Vittles"
- Kept 2 million people alive for nearly a year and made West Berlin a symbol of the West's resolve to contain the spread of Soviet communism.
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Term
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
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Definition
NATO
Ten nations of Western Europe established a mutual defense pact with the US and Canada.
US entered into a peacetime military alliance for the first time in history.
Led to the Warsaw Pact
- rival Eastern bloc military alliance created by the USSR
- German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
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Term
| General Douglas MacArthur |
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Definition
| Head of the US occupation forces in Japan |
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Definition
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