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| Adkins v Children's Hospital |
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| denies certain rights for workers, contradiction with Muller v Oregon, puts women on "equality" with men, cutback from reform |
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| federal government put profits for big business as priority, government is guiding railroads to private hands, taking sides with big business, working class hurt |
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| high tariff keeps out cheaper foreign goods to protect American business; like an "Economic declaration of war on the world" -- big business can raise prices, hurts consumer. |
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| all nations wouldn't start war. words vs policies. |
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| Washington Naval Conference |
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| limits the number of battle ships on the sea. words vs policies. |
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| a plan to get Europe to pay their war debts from WWI. wanted to be done with them and have our money back! |
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| why did progressivism die out? (4) |
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1. advertisement gave illusion of prosperity
2. volunteerism became super-patriotism
3. disillusioned that after WWI, Europe would be able to make peace
4. Bolshevik revolution (meant to inspire communism to the world) |
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| what did NOT cause the Depression? (3) |
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1. poverty
2. president
3. stock market crash ("Black Tuesday") |
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| what DID cause the depression? (2) |
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1. cycle of boom and bust
2. overproduction |
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where supply and demand works is a "boom" time, yet eventually, consumers will stop buying and producers have to cut back on factories (unemployment). the less people buy the more unemployment.
OUR PROBLEMS COME FROM HAVING TOO MUCH, RATHER THAN TOO LITTLE |
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| '20s-'30s Great Depression Employment Level |
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| about 25% were unemployed |
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| putting tax burden on the poor, and not have the rich pay taxes, just made the cap between rich and poor larger (concentration of wealth) |
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| we are a ________ consumer. |
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| passive. meaning we don't want to do anything but we want to get saved. See superman example and Hoover v FDR |
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| why did Americans identify with FDR? (3) |
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1. was in office for 12 years
2. let us through 2 tragedies (G.D. and WWII)
3. "Fireside chats" |
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| when FDR would go on the radio and inform the people of what was going on. made the country feel like he was their friend and part of their family, not just a political leader (this had never happened before now). |
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1. he and Eleanor did not have a loving marriage; he cheated constantly
2. he was a cripple (which then was seen as physical deformity --> mental deformity) |
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| _____ vs _____ of the New Deal |
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| Liberal (Democrat) view of New Deal |
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part of the evolution of freedom
creating a MODERN WELFARE STATE
Keynes economics
100 Days Congress
etc |
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| increase through welfare spending; more taxes on rich |
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| the first 100 days the new Congress was in session under FDR they passed a TON of new projects |
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cash payments to the unemployed
Republican view: "the dole" |
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| federal work projects on roads as well as hiring artists to paint gov't buildings - created jobs |
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people were given money for menial jobs, FDR says it's more about self-respect than anything
"boondoggling" |
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most popular
young boys were taken to reforest the nation (boot camp) |
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| Indian Reorganization Act |
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| reverses Dawes Act, encourages Indians to go back and practice their native tribal religion |
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| forces citizens to save for retirement |
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| 1936 ____ _____ sit down strike |
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| General Motors, government supporting labor unions! |
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| "Black Cabinet," Mary Bethune, Frances Perkins, Eleanor Roosevelt |
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| black who sang national anthem in White House; Eleanor was supporting blacks! |
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| Eleanor Roosevelt nickname |
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| "the conscience of the New Deal" |
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| In the New Deal, the relationship between the government and the people was... |
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| for the first time the government had sided with the people. |
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| Liberal theory about "updating liberalism for modern times" |
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| Democrats believe they are the true Jeffersonians but they had to change his methods and tweak it in order to make it relevant to today's society - the end justifying the means |
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| New Deal gave faith in ________ at a time when it was dying in the world. |
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| wannabe dictators that were in the United States, looked like they were for the people, usually had radio shows |
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"the radio priest" - demagogue
Catholic priest who rivaled FDR; blamed the depression on the Jews |
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"share the wealth" - demagogue
governor of Louisiana, presidential aspirations, Depression was caused by the rich, no freedom and fascist. |
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| demagogue, appealed to the elderly, everyone should e heavily taxed |
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| Republicans say that the New Deal was robbing Americans of their... |
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| self-reliance. They were coming dependent on the government. |
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| FDR supposedly unbalanced the constitution by... |
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| giving himself more power and placing himself above Congress and Supreme Court. This defeats the purpose of separated power. |
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| when FDR tried to add more Supreme Justices so he could put in place people that would agree with him and vote for his ideas |
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| Republicans accused FDR of hurting capitalism's free enterprise with TVA |
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| Conservatives called FDR... |
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| Conservatives believe FDR started "..." (rivalry between classes), because |
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"class war"
he turned people against the rich |
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| People in FDR's social class called him... |
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"a traitor to his class"
he was born into a wealthy family and those were the people that helped him win, yet he turns on them when in office |
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| The Left argued the New Deal had more _____ than ______. It was not a _____ from the past. |
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illusion than substance
a break from the past. |
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| ultimately, what ended the Depression? |
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| WWII. we became the arms merchant of the world. |
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| why were the Democrats the dominant party during the 1930s-1970s? (3) |
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1. traditional white southern Democrats were "Democrats forever."
2. Blacks switched from Republican (felt they no longer had a duty to Lincoln)
3. working class favored the Wager Act |
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| who beneffitted the most from FDR's programs? |
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| The middle class. The poor remained relatively poor and the rich got cut back but there was still enough to have a decent life. |
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World War One
US enters in 1917 |
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| interwar period, isolationism |
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World War II.
US enters in 1941 |
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| Why was WWII the "good war"? (2) |
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1. Hitler was obviously evil.
2. By destroying Hitler we ended the Holocaust. |
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| Why was the US slow to respond to the Holocaust? (3) |
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1. There was anti-Semitism in the US!
2. We had unemployment, Jews were skilled, which would mean job competition
3. US State Department and FDR looked down on Jews, played down the Holocaust |
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| Policymakers in WWII era believed that isolationism kept them from... |
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| making the mistakes that they had in WWI. |
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| the "lessons" America learned from WWI were... |
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1. nothing is worse than another world war due to its destructiveness
2. Europeans cannot effectively make peace treaties and honor their debts
3. War abroad = war at home - threatened domestic freedom (Espionage and Sedition, CPI propaganda) |
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| The policies made by US in WWII era are ironically the thing that... |
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| escalated WWII into as bad as it got. If we had stepped into Europe, we could have nipped Hitler in the bud. |
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1931
asked Japan to apologize for invading Manchuria |
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| US recognizes the Soviet Union |
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1933
make peace with the enemy. hopefully, Russians will just fight the war for us; Germans and Russians will kill each other, two birds with one stone. |
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1934
studies WWI, decides to cut back trade with Europe to prevent another WW |
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starts in 1935
we will not trade war materials or loans with any country. Italy crushes Ethiopia and we do nothing. |
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1937
those Americans who went to help fight the fight abroad, branded communist |
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1937
Hitler terrorizes Spain
Japan terrorizes China
we do nothing |
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1937
FDR suggests we stand up a bit more. The public hated the speech and he backed down for popularity sake. |
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1938
we were scared of a skit that people believed was real! That the world was being taken over by aliens. Stupid and gullible. |
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Japanese attack Pearl Harbor.
After this, we go to war. |
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| when countries do not favor or pick sides - WE WERE NOT NEUTRAL BEFORE OUR ENTRY INTO WWII |
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| it's his job to carry out the opinion of the people. but what do you do when their opinion is wrong? |
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1940-1941
Britain is on it's knees, last country standing - will Hitler conquer Europe? |
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| "cash and carry" neutrality |
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| only trade with countries who pay cash and can carry it back home. not neutral at all, Germany can't get to us safely, but Brits can! |
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1940-1941
we offer to lend/lease weapons to any country, again, Britain is the only one that could get to me. |
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| German and American boats start to fight; first actual shooting war |
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| stricter oil embargo against Japan |
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June 1941
forcing them to attack something of ours because they needed our oil. Gave them two hard choices: stop attacking China or fight us too. They choose the latter. We though they would attack the Philippines but instead they attacked Pearl Harbor. |
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| Interstate Commerce Commission |
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| Hoover urged big business to rely on themselves not on the government |
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| Merchant Marine Act of 1920 |
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| authorized the Shipping Board which controlled vessels, got rid of a lot of ships, and reduced the navy |
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| Adjusted Compensation Act |
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| gave every former soldier a paid-up insurance policy due in 20 years |
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| Washington "Disarmament" Conference in 1921-1922 |
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| tried to limit ships by using ship ratios. Why are we talking about controlling other countries? And we decided who was good enough to attend and who wasn't. Not altruistic. |
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| ship ratios, but only after Japan received compensation |
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| bound Britain, Japan, France, and US, to preserve "status quo" in Pacific |
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| exempted farmers' marketing cooperative from antitrust prosecution |
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| sought to keep agricultural prices high by government buying surpluses and selling them abroad - was never passed |
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led the PRogressive Party in the 1924 elections
(was against Coolidge [r], Davis [d]) |
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| America was made by great strong, self-sufficient individuals |
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| Agricultural Marketing Act |
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June 1929
help the farmers help themselves by setting up the Federal Farm Board |
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| Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930 |
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| raised the tariff to 60%! |
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DID NOT CAUSE THE GREAT DEPRESSION
caused by over-speculation and over high stock prices |
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| we were overproducing and that led to the Great Depression |
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| dam the Tennessee River and embraced the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) |
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| Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) |
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| Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injection Act |
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| outlaws anti-union contracts |
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| relief, recovery, and reform |
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| Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act |
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| provided the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) with insured individual deposits, eliminating the epidemic of bank failure and restoring faith to banks |
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| Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) |
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| gave money to help farmers meet their mortgages |
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| Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) |
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| refinanced mortgages on non-farm homes |
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| Civil Works Administration (CWA) |
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| provide purely temporary jobs -- boondoggling |
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| Works Progress Administration (WPA) |
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| gave $11 million on thousands of public buildings, bridges, and hard surfaced roads and gave 9 million people jobs in its eight years of existence |
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| wrote "The Good Earth" about a Chinese farmer |
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| National Recovery Administration (NRA) |
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| by far the most complicated of the programs, was designed to assist industry, labor, and the unemployed. Minimum wage, overtime, more rights, etc. |
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| Prohibition was officially repealed |
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| Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936 |
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| paid farmer to plant soil-conserving plants like soybeans or to let their land lie fallow |
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| 1933, furious winds destroyed everything in the mid-west, many farmers migrated to California |
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| Frazier-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act |
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1934
suspension of mortgage foreclosure for five years - trying to relieve people's burdens |
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| Resettlement Administration |
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| charged with the task of removing near-farmless farmers to better land |
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| Commissioner of Indian Affairs |
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| Indian Reorganization Act |
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Definition
1934
(the Indian "New Deal")
encouraged tribes to preserve their culture and traditions |
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