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| Dominant theological credo of the New England Puritans based on the teachings of John Calvin. Calvinists believed in predestination-that only "the elect" were destined for salvation. |
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| Calvinist doctrine that God has preordained some people to be saved & some to be damned. Though their fate was irreversible, Calvinists, particularly those who believed they were destined for salvation, sought to lead sanctified lives in order to demonstrate to others that they were in fact memebers of "the elect". |
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| Intense religious experience that confirmed an individual's place among "the elect", or the "visible saints". Calvinists who experienced conversion were then expected to lead sanctified lives to demonstrate their salvation. |
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| English Protestant reformers who sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic rituals & creeds. Some of the most devout Puritans believed that only "visible saints" should be admitted to church membership. |
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| Small group of Puritans who sought to break away entirely from the Church of England; after initially settling in Holland, a number of English Separatists made their way to Plymouth Bay, Massachusetts in 1620. |
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| Agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth, signed aboard the Mayflower. Created a foundation for self-government in the colony. |
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| Established by non-separating Puritans, it soon grew to be the larges & most influential of the New England colonies. |
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| Migration of seventy thousand refugees from England to the North American colonies, primarily New England & the Caribbean. The twenty thousand migrants who came to Massachusetts largely shared a common sense of purpose-to establish a model Christian settlement in the New World. |
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| Belief that the elect need not obey the law of either God or man; most notably espoused in the colonies by Anne Hutchinson. |
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| Drafted by settlers in the Connecticut River Valley, document was the first "modern Constitution", establishing a democractically controlled government. Key features of the document were borrowed for Connecticut's colonial charter & later, its state Constitution. |
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| Series of clashes between English settlers & Pequot Indians in the Connecticut River Valey. Ended in the slaughter of Pequots by the Puritans & their Narragansett Indian allies. |
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| Series of assaults by Metcom, King Philip, on English settlements in New England. The attacks slowed the westward migration of New England settlers for several decades. |
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| Armed conflict between royalists & parliamentarians, resulting in the victory of pro-Parliament forces & the execution of Charles I. |
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| Administrative union created by royal authority, incorporating all of New England, New York, & East & West Jersey. Placed under the rule of Sir Edmund Andros who curbed popular assemblies, taxed residents without their consent, & strictly enforced Navigation Laws. Its collapse after the Glorious Revolution in England demonstrated colonial opposition to strict royal control. |
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| Series of laws passed, beginning in 1651, to regulate colonial shipping; the acts provided that only English ships would be allowed to trade in English & colonial ports, & that all goods destined for the colonies would first pass through England. |
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| Glorious (or Bloodless) Revolution |
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| Relatively peaceful overthrow of the unpopular Catholic monarch, James II, replacing him with Dutch-born William III & Mary, daughter of James II. William & Mary accepted increased Parliamentary oversight & new limits on monarchial authority. |
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| Unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade & only weak enforcement of Navigation Laws. Lasted from the Glorious Revolution to the end of the French & Indian War in 1763. |
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| Vast tracts of land along the Hudson River in New Netherlands granted to wealthy promoters in exchange for bringing fifty settlers to the property. |
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| Also known as sumptuary laws, they are designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality. Blue Laws were passed across the colonies, particulary in Puritan New England & Quaker Pennsylvania. |
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| Founder of the Protestant Reformation after nailing his 95 theses to his church door in Wittenburg. |
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| One of the leaders in the Protestant Reformation; founder of Calvinism. |
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| Governor of Plymouth for 30 years; wrote Of Plymouth Plantation. |
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| Official first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. |
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| Declared a heretic after challenging Puritan beliefs with her own assertion of what is now known as antinomianism. |
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| Also declared a heretic for his views; founded the free religious colony of Rhode Island in 1636. |
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| Wampanoag chief who signed a treaty in 1621 with the Pilgrims & celebrated the first Thanksgiving with them. |
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| Son of Massasoit who created an alliance with surrounding Indian tribes in an attempt to drive the white settlers back during King Phillip's War. |
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| Restored the Monarchy in 1660; got rid of the great independence of the colonies. |
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| Ruled over colonies with an iron first & stricter regulations; disliked by all. |
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| Took over England with his wife Mary II after the Glorious Revolution. |
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| Took over England with her husband William III after the Glorious Revolution. |
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| Englishman hired by the Dutch to try to find a place for colonization in 1609. |
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| Leader of the Dutch colony; overtook New Sweeden but was eventually absorbed itself by England. |
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| Brother of Charles II who gained the Dutch settlement after conquest; had New York City named after him. |
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| Devout Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania for his own people. |
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