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| Nat Turner led a slave rebellion in Virgina, attacked whites, prompted non-slaveholding Virginians to consider emancipation |
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| family farmers who hired out slaves for the harvest season, self-sufficient, participated in local markets alongside slave owners |
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| network of safe houses of white abolitionists used to bring slaves to freedom |
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| worked alongside Josiah Henson to make repeated trips to get slaves out of the South into freedom |
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| northern factory workers who were discarded when too old to work (unlike the slaves who were still kept, fed, and clothed in their old age) |
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| anti-immigrant, especially against Irish Catholics |
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| Mexicans held siege on the Alamo (in San Antonio), texans lost great number of people, "Remember the Alamo" |
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| American who settled in Texas, one of the leaders for Texan independence from Mexico |
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| "dark horse" Democratic candidate; acquired majority of the western US (Mexican Cession, Texas Annexation, Oregon Country), lowered tariffs, created Independent Treasury |
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| Oregon and "Fifty four Forty or Fight!" |
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| Oregon Territory owned jointly with Britain, Polk severed its tie to Britain, forced to settle for compromise south of 49 degree rather than 54 degree 40' |
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| stated that the United States was destined to span the breadth of the entire continent with as much land as possible, advocated by Polk |
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| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
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| acquired Mexican Cession (future California, Arizona, and New Mexico); Mexico acknowledged American annexation of Texas |
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| slavery to be barred in all territory ceded from Mexico; never fully passed Congress |
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| gold discovery in Sutter's Mill in 1848 resulted in huge mass of adventurers in 1849, led to application for statehood, opened question of slavery in the West |
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