Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP U.S. History
Final Exam Review
55
History
Not Applicable
05/01/2006

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
crop lien system
Definition
method by which landless farmers rented land; it was designed to keep the poor in constant debt.
Term
Plessy v. Ferguson
Definition
"separate but equal" facilities for the different races was legal
Term
Booker T. Washington
Definition
Southern black born into slavery; promoted economic independence as the means by which blacks could improve their lot; founded Tuskegee Institute
Term
"railroad time"
Definition
gave the nation its first standardization method of time-telling; railroad schedules were determined
Term
Morrill Land Grant Act
Definition
government passed this when it was realized that the Great Plains region had the potential to become the nation's chief agricultural center; provided money for agricultural colleges.
Term
Dawes Severlty Act
Definition
gave tracts of land to those who left the reservations; its goal was to accelerate the assimilation of Native Americans into Western society by integrating them more closely with whites; Native Americans naturally resisted.
Term
Gilded Age
Definition
era between Reconstruction and 1900; politics looed good, but just beneath the surface lay crass corruption and patronage.
Term
Interstate Commerce Act
Definition
created a federal Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate unfair railroad practices.
Term
Pendleton Act
Definition
passed in response to charges of patronage in the awarding of govt. jobs; created the Civil Service Commission.
Term
Civil Service Commission
Definition
created by Pendleton Act to oversee examinations for potential govt. employees.
Term
Farmers' Alliances
Definition
more successful than the Grange movement, and soon grew into a political party called the People's Party, the political arm of the Populist movement. (held convention in 1892)
Term
Populists
Definition
called for govt ownership of railroads and telegraphs, a graduated income tax, direct election of US senators, and shorter workdays.
Term
Eugene V. Debs
Definition
Socialist party, 1894
Term
William Jennings Bryan
Definition
1896, Democrat, backed by Populists; ran on a strictly populist platform; based campaign on the call for "free silver"; ran against William McKinley
Term
joint-stock company
Definition
group of investers who bought the right to establish New World plantations from the king.
Term
Powhatan Confederacy
Definition
taught the English what crops to plant and how to plant them
Term
House of Burgesses
Definition
1619, established in Virginia; property-holding, white males could vote.
Term
Massachusetts Bay
Definition
1629; larger and more powerful colony; established by Congregationalists (Puritcans who wanted to reform the Anglican church from within); began "The Great Puritan Migration" (1629-1642)
Term
Roger Williams
Definition
teacher in Salem Bay settlement; taught a number of controversial principles, among them that church and state should be separate.
Term
proprietorship
Definition
colonies owned by one person, who usually received the land as a gift from the king
Term
Middle Passage
Definition
shipping route that brought the slaves to the Americas; it was the middle lef of the triangular trade route among the colonies, Europe, and Africa.
Term
Salutary Neglect
Definition
Although England regulated trade and govt in its colonies, it interfered in colonial affairs as little as possible.
Term
Specie
Definition
hard currency, such as coins
Term
Navigation Acts
Definition
passed b/w 1651 and 1673; required colonists to buy goods only from England, to sell certain of its products only to England, and to import any non-English goods via English ports and pay a duty on those imports
Term
vice-admiralty courts
Definition
1690s; British attempt to strengthen Navigation Acts; military-style courts, in which defendants were not entitled to a jury
Term
New England Confederation
Definition
most prominent effort of the colonists to toward centralized govt
Term
Dominion of New England
Definition
an English govt attempt to clamp down on illegal trade
Term
Glorious Revolution
Definition
ended Dominion of New England; overthrew James II and replaced him with William and Mary.
Term
Great Awakening
Definition
1730-1760; colonies experienced a wave of religious revivalism
Term
middle colonies
Definition
NY, PA, NJ
Term
lower south
Definition
carolinas; concentrated on cash crops such as tobacco and rice; slavery played important role
Term
Albany Plan of Union
Definition
prvided for an intercolonial govt and a system for collecting taxes for the colonies' defense
Term
Seven Years War
Definition
(French and Indian War); Between France (along with Indians) against Britain. 1754-1763
Term
Proclamation of 1763
Definition
forbade settlement west of the rivers running through the Appalachians
Term
Virtual Representation
Definition
members of Parliament represented all British subjects regardless of who elected them.
Term
writs of assistance
Definition
licenses that gave the British the power to search any place they suspected of hiding smuggled goods
Term
minutemen
Definition
a small, colonial militia; reputedly could be ready to fight on a minute's notice
Term
Battle of Concord
Definition
"the shot heard around the world"
Term
Franco-American Alliance
Definition
negotiated by Ben Franklin in 1778, brought the French into the war on the side of the colonists.
Term
Treaty of Paris (1782)
Definition
granted the US independence and generous territorial rights
Term
Articles of Confederation
Definition
1777; first national constitution; contained many flaws
Term
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Definition
seen as a forerunner to the Bill of Rights and other progressive govt policies; abolished slavery from the NW territories
Term
The Virginia Plan
Definition
largely the brainchild of James Madison, called for an entirely new govt based on the principle of checks and balances
Term
Anti-Federalists
Definition
appalled by the absence of a bill of rights in the Constitution
Term
federalism
Definition
strong central govt and weak state govts
Term
strict constructionists
Definition
argued that the Constitution allowed Congress only those powers specifically granted to it or those "necessary and prper" to the execution of its enumerated powers
Term
broad contructionist
Definition
govt could do anything in the execution of those enumerated powers that was not explicitly forbidden by the Constitution
Term
Alien and Sedition Acts
Definition
allowed the govt to forcibly expel foreigners and to jail newspaper editors for "scandalous and malicious writing"; aimed at destroying the Democratic-Republicans
Term
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Definition
drafted by Madison; argued that the states had the right to judge the constitutionality of federal laws.
Term
Marbury v. Madison
Definition
1803; established the principle of judicial review; Supreme Court had responsibility for reviewing the constitutionality of Congressional acts
Term
election of 1824
Definition
major turning point in presidential elections; prior to 1824, electors had been chosen by a variety of methods
Term
election of 1828
Definition
beginning of the modern political party system
Term
Whig Party
Definition
election of 1836; party formed in opposition to Jackson
Term
market economy
Definition
people trade their labor or goods for cash, which they then use to buy other people's labor or goods
Term
Eli Whitney
Definition
invented cotton gin in 1793; revolutionized Southern agriculture by making it much easier to remove seeds from cotton plants
Supporting users have an ad free experience!