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AP exam 3 - Joints
AP Exam 3 Joints
69
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
11/03/2016

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

1. Fibrous

2. Cartilaginous

3. Synovial

Definition
Structural Classification of Joints
Term

Bone --> Bone

Bone --> Cartilage

Bone --> Teeth

Definition
Joints are contact between:
Term
Structural and Functional
Definition
Joints are classified by:
Term

1. Presence / Absence of space betweeb articulating bones (Synovial Cavity)

 

2. Type of binding connective tissue

Definition
Criteria determining classifications of Joints
Term
No Movement
Definition
Range of movement in SYNARTHROSIS joints
Term
Slight Movement
Definition
Range of movement in AMPHIARTHROSIS joints
Term
Freely moveable
Definition
Range of moevement in DIARTHROSIS joints
Term

Syntarthrosis (No movement)

Amphiarthrosis (slight movement)

Definition
FUNCTIONAL classification of FIBROUS
Term

Syntharosis (no movement)

Amphiarthrosis (Slight movement)

Definition
Functional classification of CARTILAGINOUS joints
Term
Diarthrosis (freely moveable)
Definition
Functional classification of SYNOVIAL joints
Term
Fibrous Joints
Definition
Articulating bones held together by FIBROUS connective tissue
Term
FIBROUS
Definition

Dense irregular connective tissue

Little (amphiarthrosis) or no (Synarthrosis) movement

No synovial Cavity

Term

Suture

Syndesmosis

Interosseous membrance

Definition
Types of FIBROUS joints (3 types)
Term
Suture
Definition
Articulating bones united by thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue, found between skull bones; with age, some sututres replaced by synostosis.
Term
Syndesmosis
Definition
Articulating bones united by more dense irregular connective tissue, usually a LIGAMENT or GOMPHOSIS
Term
Interosseous membrance
Definition
Articulating bones united by substantial sheet of dense irregular connective tissue
Term
Cartilaginous Joints
Definition
Articulating bones united by HYALINE CARTILAGE and FIBROCARTILAGE
Term

Synchondrosis

 

Symphysis

Definition
Types of CARTILAGINOUS joints (2 types)
Term
Synchondrosis
Definition
Becomes synostosis when bone elongation ceases (Hyaline cartilage)
Term
Symphysis
Definition
Broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage (intervertebral disks, fibrocartilage)
Term
Synovial Joints
Definition

Characterisitics include:

 

1. Synovial Fluid

2. Accessory ligaments

3. Articular discs

Term
Synovial Joint Connective tissue
Definition

Connective tissue include:

 

1. Articular cartilage

2. Articular capsule

(Outer - fibrous capsule/membrance)

(Inner - synovial membrance)

Term
Synovial Joints
Definition
Contains blood and nerve supply
Term
Synovial Joint
Definition
Freely movable joint (Diarthroses)
Term
Mechanical classification of SYNOVIAL JOINTS
Definition
  1. Gliding (Plane)
  2. Ball and socket
  3. Hinge
  4. Pivot
  5. Ellipsoid (condyloid)
  6. Saddle
Term
Examples of GLIDING/PLANAR Joints
Definition

Intercarpal

Intertasal

Acromioclavicular

Sternocostal (sternum + 2-7 rib pairs)

Vertebrocostal joints

Term
Description of GLIDING/PLANAR joints
Definition
Articulating surfaces are flat or slightly curves
Term
Movement of GLIDING/PLANAR joints
Definition

Biaxial (back and forth/side to side)

Triaxial (back and forth/side to side/rotation)

Term
Description of HINGE joints
Definition
Convex surface articulates with concave surface
Term
Movement of HINGE joints
Definition
Uniaxial movement (Flexion and extension)
Term
Examples of HINGE JOINTS
Definition

1. Trochlea of HUMERUS and trochlear notch of ULNA at ELBOW JOINT

2. KNEE JOINT

3. ANKLE

 

Term
Description of PIVOT joints
Definition
Rounded or Pointed surface articulating with ring formed by bone and by ligament
Term
Examples of PIVOT joints
Definition

Radioulnar joint

Atlanto-axial joint

Term
Description of ELLIPSOID/CONDYLOID joints
Definition

Convex surface on one joint fits int comparable depression on another bone

 

Oval shaped projection fits into an oval shaped depression

Term
Examples of ELLIPSOID/CONDYLOID joints
Definition

Radiocarpal (Wrist)

Metacarpophalangeal joints

Term
Description of SADDLE joints
Definition
One joint surafe is saddle shaped, other joint surface fits into saddle
Term
Example of SADDLE Joint
Definition
Thumb
Term

Name the movement:

Surface glides relative to one another

Definition
Gliding movement
Term

Name the movement:

Change in angle between bones

Definition
Angular movement
Term

Name the movement:

Bone revolving around longitudinal axid

Definition
Rotational movement
Term

Name the movement:

Occurs at specific joints

Definition
Special movement
Term
Joints included in FLEXION, EXTENSION and HYPEREXTENSION
Definition

Hinge

Pivot

Condyloid

Saddle

Term
Flexion
Definition
Decrese in angle between argulating bones
Term
Extension
Definition
INCREASE in angle between articulating bones
Term
Hyperextension
Definition
Extension beyond standard anatomic position
Term
Lateral Flexion / ABduction (of the trunk)
Definition
Movement of the trunk sideways to the right or left at the waist
Term
ABduction: Extremities
Definition
Movement of bone away from midline
Term
ADDuction: Extremities
Definition
Movement of bone toward midline
Term
ABduction: Digit 1
Definition
Movement of thumb away from palm or other digits
Term
ADDuction: Digit 1
Definition
Movement of thumb towards palm or other digits
Term
ABduction: Digits 2-5
Definition
Movement away from digit 3
Term
ADduction
Definition
Movement toward digit 3
Term
Circumduction
Definition

Movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle

 

Movements in order: Flexion>ABduction>Extension>ADduction

Term
Elevation
Definition

Superior movement of body part

(IE Shoulder girdle)

Term
Depression
Definition
Inferior movement of a body part
Term
Protraction
Definition
ANTERIOR movement of a body part
Term
Retraction
Definition
Posterior movement of a body part
Term
Inversion
Definition
Medial movement of the sole
Term
Eversion
Definition
Lateral movement of the sole
Term
Dorsiflexion
Definition

Bending foot in direction of superior surface

(IE standing on your heels)

Term
Plantarflexion
Definition

Bending foot toward inferior surface

(Standing on your toes)

Term
Factors determining range of motion
Definition
  1. Structure of articulating bones
  2. Structure and action of muscles
  3. Strength and tautness of ligaments
  4. Apposition of soft parts
  5. Hormones
  6. Disuse
Term
How structure of articulating bones affects ROM
Definition
  • Articulating bones can fit closely together
  • Some joints have more bony constraints
Term
How structure and actions of muscles affects ROM
Definition

Muscle tension RESTRICTS MOVEMENT

When agonists contract, antagonists must relax

 

Term
How strength and Tautness of ligaments affect ROM
Definition

Ligaments connect BONE TO BONE

Tight ligaments restrict movement and vice versa

Term
How apposition of soft parts affects ROM
Definition

Joint mobility can be restricted by adipose tissue

 

Term
How apposition of soft parts affects ROM
Definition

Joint mobility can be restricted by adipose tissue

 

Term
How hormones affect ROM
Definition
The primary hormone affecting ROM is RELAXIN which increases the flexibility of the fibrocartilage of the pubic symphysis and LOOSENS the ligaments betwen the sacrum, hip bone and coccyx.
Term
How disuse affects ROM
Definition
  1. Reduced muscle mass. Less proteins and fluids within muscle
  2. Reduced synovial flud
  3. Diminished flexibility
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