Term
| Trade and Navigation Acts |
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Definition
(1650-1673) 3 rules for colonial trade:
1. Trade to and from the colonies could be carried only by english
2. All good imported into the colonies could pass only through ports in England
3. Specified goods from the colonies could be exported to England only |
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Term
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Definition
pledged them to make decisions by the will of majorite
- early form of self- government and form of constitution establishing powers of government |
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Term
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Definition
minister who wanted a complete separation from church and state
- bought land and formed Rhode Island |
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Term
| Great Puritan Migration (1630) |
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Definition
Civil war in England added 15,000 more settlers to Mass. Bay Colony
Led by John Winthrop
- 1000 puritans sailed for Mass. shore and found Boston and other towns |
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Term
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Definition
initiated Great Awakening with sermons
-" Sinners in the hand of angry God"
- argued God should be angry with the sinful humans
- the humans that showed guilt could be saved but those who didnt would suffer |
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Term
| Salem Witch Trials (1680-1690) |
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Definition
little girls showed strange behavior of witchcraft and it began to spread
-ended that the two girls Elizabeth Paris and Abigail Williams made it up |
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Definition
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Definition
young convert to Quakerism
- left with money and land where he formed a colony which was Pennsylvania |
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Term
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Definition
under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king
-Maryland and Penn |
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Term
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Definition
under the direct authority and rule of king's government
-Virginia |
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Term
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Definition
elected own governors under self-governing charters
-connecticut and rhode island |
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Term
| Peter Zenger T rial (1735) |
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Definition
NY publisher charged with injuring the governor's reputation
-jury acquited him
-newspapers started to take greater risks |
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Term
| King Phillip's War (1675-1676) |
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Definition
chief of the Wampanoags united tribes to attack english settlers
-1000 died on each side
-colonial settlers finally killed him
-ended the alliances btwn tribes |
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Term
| Great Awakening (1730-1740) |
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Definition
| movement of religious feeling among people |
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Term
| Thomas Hobbes (1588- 1679) |
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Definition
| we should give our obedience to an unaccountable sovereign (a person or group empowered to decide every social and political issue) |
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Term
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Definition
trade, colonies, and wealth is the basis for a country's political and military strength
- implemented in the Navigation Acts |
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Term
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Definition
lead a rebellion against Berkley's gov.
-seris of raids against indian villages |
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Term
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Definition
first colonial college
-proper theological and scholarly education
- promote doctrines of a partciular religious sect |
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Term
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Definition
2nd part of the triangular trade
- most horrendous journey
- were packed and it depended on what ship and what captain they were with for their torture |
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Term
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Definition
| purify the church ; exiles who fled the country under Mary |
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Term
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Definition
worship as they please
- required subjects to attend anglican services
-levied taxes
-rejection of proper roles for women
-reduce forms of worship and powers of bishop |
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Term
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Definition
rejected the idea of reforming the Church
-organize a seperate church |
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Term
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Definition
| delegates from the various communities; 1st meeting of an elected legislature that was to become the U.S |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| French and Indian War (1750s) |
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Definition
7 years war; most decisive
-english gained Florida |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
major influence in Enlightenment
- citizens had a right and duty to revolt against whatever government failed to protect their rights
- state is bound to follow rights that people have simply bc they are human |
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Term
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Definition
| Seneca, cayuga, onondaga, oneida, and mohawk |
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Term
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Definition
another method to attract immigrants to Virg.
- offered 50 acres of land to each immigrant who paid for his own passage
- and any plantation owner who paid for an immigrant's passage |
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Term
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Definition
| Robert Walpole said that if the colonies were left alone to run their own affairs that would produce be more prosperous |
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Term
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Definition
developed by Benjamin Franklin
- formed intercolonial gov. and system for recruiting troops and collecting taxes from colonies for common defense |
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Term
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Definition
led a group of philanthropist that found Georgia's first settlement
- acted as first gov.
-made ban to drink rum and prohibited slavery |
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Term
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Definition
prohibited colonists from settling west of applachian mountains
- help prevent hostilities between natvies and colonists |
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Term
| Thomas Paine/ Common Sense |
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Definition
English immigrant to the colonies
-Essay argued that the colonies become independent and break all ties with the British |
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Term
| Stamp Act Congress (1765) |
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Definition
Representatives from 9 colonies met in NY
- resolved that only their own eleceted represenatives had the legal authority to approve taxes |
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Term
| Olive Branch Petition (1775) |
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Definition
| pledged loyalty to King George III and asked him to intercede with Parliament to secure peace and protection of colonial rights |
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Term
| Pontiac's Rebellion (1763) |
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Definition
Chief Pontiac led a msjor attack against colonial settlements on western frontier
-first major test of the the new British policy
-British sent regular troops to deal with rebellion
- |
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Term
| Quartering Act (1764-1765) |
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Definition
| colonists had to provide food and supplies for british soldiers |
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Term
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Definition
taxes on tea, glass, and paper
-used to pay crown officials
- also provided for search of private homes for smuggled goods |
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Term
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Definition
| group of bostantians disguised themselves as indians and dumped the tea into the harbor |
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Term
| Coercive/ Intolerable Acts |
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Definition
| series of punitive acts that punished the ppl of boston and mass. |
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Term
| Port Act (intolerable act) |
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Definition
| closed port of boston prohibiting trade until the destroyed tea was paid for |
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Term
| Mass. Gov. Act (intolerable act) |
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Definition
| reduced power of mass. legislature while increasing the power of royal gov. |
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Term
| Administration of Justice act (intolerABLE ACT) |
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Definition
| allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in England instead of colonies |
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Term
| 4th law expanding the quartering act (intolerable act) |
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Definition
| let british troops to live in private homes |
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Term
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Definition
| maintained allegiance to King |
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Term
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Definition
led by Samuel Adams; violaters
purpose: secret society to intimidate tax agents |
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Term
| First Continental Congress (1774) |
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Definition
b/c of intolerable act it drove the colonies (exc. Georgia)to meet in Philly
- purpose: determine how the colonies should react to the threat on their rights and liberties |
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Term
| Second Continental Congress (1775) |
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Definition
Met in Philly; thought colonies should declare independence- 1 group
hoped the conflict would be resolved and negotiate a new relationship with britain - group 2 |
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Term
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Definition
crowd of colinsts harassed the guards near the customs house and when the guarsds fired they killed Crispus Atticus
- Samuel Adams brings it up to inflame the british since he won the trial |
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Term
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Definition
formed a vigilante group to retaliate in 1763 against local American Indians in the aftermath of the French and Indian War and Pontiac's Rebellion.
- killed 20 indians |
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Term
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Definition
| price of tea was made cheaper than smuggled tea |
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Term
| Battle of Saratoga (1777) |
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Definition
turning point for american revolutionaries
-the british were going to march to meet up with forces from west to south
- got cutt off by Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold
-forced to surrender
-gained alliance with France |
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Term
| Battle of Yorktown (1781) |
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Definition
last major battle of revoltionary war; Washington's army forced surrender of a british army
- supported by French |
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Term
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Definition
| colonists were represented by the british; everyone |
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Term
| No taxation w/out representation |
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Definition
| *Patrick Henry* developed this theory |
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Term
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Definition
young virg. lawyer; demand that King recognizes the rights of all citizens
-stood up in house of burgesses |
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Term
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Definition
required that revenue stamps be placed on mostly all paper
- 1st direct tax paid by ppl in colonies
-raise funds to support british military |
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Term
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Definition
- aka Revenue Act
-places tax on foreign sugar and certain luxuries
-to raise money for the crown and provide strict enforcement of navigation acts to stop smuggling |
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Term
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Definition
- caught a number of smugglers
-group of colonists disguised themselves as indians and set the ship on fire |
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Term
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Definition
European nations should not intervene in countries to the south of the U.S.
-declared in December of 1823, was a superlative U.S. foreign policy statement. It was precipitated by various independence movements in South America and the U.S. government's desire to discourage European nations from colonizing the Americas, and a growing American nationalism. The doctrine claimed that the Americas ". . .are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers." |
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Term
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Definition
prohibited american merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port
-tried to make britain stop violating the rights of neutral nations
-backfired and brought economic hardships |
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Term
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Definition
U.S was to pay 80 million to the french government and grant commercial privileges to France
-Louisiana would occupy the "same extent" as it had when France and Spain had owned it |
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Term
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Definition
warrior, prophet, religious leader to tried to unite all tribes east of mississippi
- lost to general william harrison in the battle of tippecanoe |
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Term
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Definition
Chief Justice John Jay went to Britain to stop them from seizing american ships
- however it said nothing about british seizures of american merchant ship |
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Term
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Definition
group of farmers didnt want to pay the federal tax on whiskey
-washington responded smartly and there was no blooshed opposed to Shay's rebellion |
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Term
| Gabriel Prosser's rebellion |
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Definition
| plan a slave rebellion and attack on richmond |
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Term
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Definition
have to meeting to vote on succession
- delegates from New England rejected succession but the federalists wanted to eliminate power of radicals |
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Term
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Definition
Eli Whitney
-revolutionize watch and clock making
-created better machine tools |
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Term
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Definition
war hawk because of eagerness for war with britain
-would be only way to defend american honor
-rival of Jackson and favored the bank system
-supporters were called "Whigs"
- |
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Term
| Washington's farewell address |
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Definition
| warned americans to not get involved in european affairs, to not form political parties, to avoid sectionalism, and against U.S making permanent alliances |
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Term
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Definition
| Connecticut Plan that provided for a 2- house congress |
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Term
| Barbary Pirates (Jefferson) |
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Definition
first major challenege of Jefferson
- u.s wanted to protect their merchant ships from barbary pirates
-one of the rulers of the state wanted more pay so u.s went to war for 4 years |
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Term
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Definition
| The act or policy of seizing people or property for public service or use. |
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Term
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Definition
| ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain on one side and the United States of America and its allies on the other |
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Term
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Definition
encouraged education for women
-women's rules during american revolution |
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Term
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Definition
| Henry clay used his influence to provide John Adams with votes to win the election of 1824 and then President Admans appointed Clay as his secretary |
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Term
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Definition
| saw the Constitution as an idea to serve as a guide to model the new nation on. If it was in the best interest of the nation and didn't violate the Constitution then it was OK. |
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Term
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Definition
| said that it was to be followed to the letter...if it wasn't in the Constitution you couldn't do it. They felt that it covered everything adequately and allowing a broad interpretation opened up too many possibilities. |
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Term
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Definition
led the scientific exploration of the trans- Mississippi West
-increased geographic and scientific knowledge
- strengthened U.S claims to oregon territory |
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Term
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Definition
| Marshall established the federal gov.'s broad control of interstate commerce by ruling NY's monopoly was unconstitutional |
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Term
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Definition
terms were:
- halt to fighting btwn british and americans
-return of conquered territory to the pre war claimant
- recog. of prewar boundary btwn canada and U.S |
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Term
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Definition
| french ministers that Adams sent to Paris |
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Term
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Definition
eagerness for war with Britain
- led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun |
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Term
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Definition
most famous for improving tech.
-interchangeable parts (mass production) |
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Term
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Definition
John Dickinson drafted the first constituition
-adopted by congress in 1777
-established central government that was unicameral |
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Term
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Definition
| counted slaves as 3/5 of a person for the purposes of determing a state level taxation and representation |
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Term
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Definition
God established natural laes in creating universe
- rationalism and trusted human reason to solve problems
-emphasized reason, science, and respect for humanity |
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Term
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Definition
| change from federalist control to democratic - republicans control |
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Term
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Definition
favored large states
-solved by Great Compro |
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Term
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Definition
favored small states
- solved by Great Compro |
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Term
| First American Party System |
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Definition
had federalist party ( Hamilton )
had democratic republican party (jefferson and madison) |
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Term
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Definition
free nonslave african who made many contributions to science in 18th century
best known as planner of Washington D,C |
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Term
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Definition
John Marshall's first major case
- Pres. Jefferson wanted to block the federalist appt made by adams and williams marbury sued |
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Term
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Definition
Hamilton created this bc he thought it was compatible with the intent of the constitution
- Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson and James Madison led the opposition, which claimed that the bank was unconstitutional, and that it benefited merchants and investors at the expense of the majority of the population. |
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Term
| Virginia- Kentucky Resolves |
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Definition
written by Thomas Jeff
-declared states had entered into a "compact" in forming national gov. so if any act of federal law brok the compact the states could nullify the federal law |
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Term
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Definition
| authorized president to deport aliens considered dangerous |
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Term
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Definition
| illegal for newspaper editors to criticise the president or congress and imposed heavy penalties |
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Term
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Definition
Led other farmers in an uprising against high state taxes, imprisonment for debt, and lack of paper money
- rebel farmers stopped the taxes and forced the closing of debtors weapons |
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Term
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Definition
To set rules for creating new states
- granted limited self gov. To the developing territory and prohibited slavery in the region |
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Term
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Definition
Recruited young farm women and made extensive use of children
- France's Lowell came to build British factories
- made women go to church |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Declaration of Independence |
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Definition
| June 7th ,1776 Richard Henry Lee showed a resolution for colonies to be independent |
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Term
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Definition
Missouri's bid for statehood for slavery and it would tip political balance to South
- first part of Louisiana Purchase to apply for statehood |
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Term
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Definition
| Spain gave up its claim to oregon in a treaty with the U.S (1819) |
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Term
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Definition
method for advancing the nations economic growth
1) protective tariffs - promote manufacturing and build a national transport
2)national bank- keep system running smoothly
3)internal improvements- promote growth in west and south |
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Term
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Definition
Monroe years filled with nationalism, optimism, republicans dominated
- debates over american system
-tension over slavery |
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Term
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Definition
| Thomas P. U.S minister of spain negotiated a deal where spain agreed to open the lower miss. river and new orleans to american trade b/c they didnt want america to form alliances with Britain |
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Term
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Definition
leading feminists met in NY as the first women's rights convention in history
-wanted all women and men to be equal and proposed a doc. close to Dec. of Independence |
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Term
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony |
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Definition
| led campaign for equal voting, legal, and property rights for women |
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Term
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Definition
schoolteacher in Mass.
-improved life for the mentally ill
- her stories led to building new mental hospitals |
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Term
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Definition
war hawk; leading champion of states rights;
nullification crisis- each state had the right to decide to obey federal law
VP for Jackson |
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Term
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Definition
| forced relocation of native americans due to Indian Removal Act |
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Term
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Definition
| part of corrupt bargain; election of 1824; Common Man; spoils system; vetoed more amendments than any other presidents |
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Term
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Definition
Jackson was opposed the Bank of U.S
seemed that bank abused its powers and served interests of wealthy
Henry Clay challenged jackson but jackson vetoed his bill
hard money - gold and silver were the basis of money
soft money- ppl who wanted more currency |
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Term
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Definition
| automatic reaper - harvest wheat |
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Term
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Definition
Cali drafted a constitution that baned slavery
- Henry Clay proposed compro:
- admit cali to union as free state
- divide mexican cession in 2 territories and allow them to decide about slavery
-give land btwn texas and New mexico to new territories in return for federal gov. to wave off Texas's debt
- ban slave trade
- adopt new fugitive slave law |
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Term
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Definition
propsed by John C. Calhoun
- state law could disobey federal law |
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Term
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Definition
dispensing gov. jobs in return for party loyalty
during Jackson;s time |
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Term
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Definition
| mexico agreed to sell thousands of acres to U.S for $10 million |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
2 million immigrants that came to US in 1830- 1860
-tenant famers that failed in potato crops and famine
-roman catholics- discriminated
-worked hard and competed with blacks
- boston , NY , Philly
-democratic party |
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Term
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Definition
1 million imiigratns due to economic hardhsips
- good skills
- established homesteads and prospered
- strong supporters of edu. and opposed slavery |
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Term
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Definition
writers were ralph waldo emerson and henry david thoreau
-viewd highly individulistic
-discovering one's inner self and looking for God in nature |
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Term
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Definition
best known transcendalist
- argued for self reliance and independent thinking
-delivered a speech at Harvard
-supported antislavery movement and union |
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Term
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Definition
conducted a 2 year experiment of living by himself in the woods
-nonviolent protest |
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Term
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Definition
territory was split between Maine and British Canada
- also settled the boundary of the minnesota territory |
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Term
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Definition
belifs in Evangelical
-educated ppl
-during Antebellum period |
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Term
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Definition
| court rules that the laws of Georgia had no force to Cherokees |
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Term
| Charles River Bridge Case |
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Definition
| dispute btwn 2 mass. companies over the right to build a bridge across the Charles River |
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Term
| DeTocqueville/ Democracy in America |
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Definition
| came to america from france and saw america as having no rigid distinctions of rank and in his study wrote about America |
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Term
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Definition
| leader of mormons after Joeseph smith and migrated to the far western frontier |
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Term
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Definition
| published Uncle Tom's Cabin and regard all slave owners as cruel and inhuman |
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Term
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Definition
found by joseph smith; another religious group also called the Church of Latter-Day Saints
- connected native americans and lost tribes of Israel |
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Term
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Definition
| opposition to immigrants and led riots for teh secret snti-foreign society |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
John Smith
gov. William Berkley |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
George Calvert
- second lord baltimore- Cecil Calvert |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Roger Williams
- Anne Hutchinson - antinomianism ; questioned doctrine of puritan authorities |
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Term
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Definition
| William Penn gave them their seperate colony but with Penn. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| Lord Berkley and Sir George Cateret |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. pay off national debt at face value and have federal gov. assume ward debts
2. protect nation's new and developing industries and revunes by imposing high tariffs on imported goods
3. creat national bank |
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Term
| Battle of Lexington and Conncord |
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Definition
Paul Revere and William Dawes
- first shot hear around the world
american revolution |
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Term
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Definition
| National road that was a paved higway and major route to the west from maryland to illinois |
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Term
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Definition
bill for Missouri's admission
1. prohibited more slaves in missouri
2. required children of slaves to be emancipated at 25 |
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Term
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Definition
preysbetarian minister that started revivals in NY
- appealed to ppl's emotions and fear of damnation
- saved thru hard work and faith
- NY bcame known as "burned-over district" |
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Term
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Definition
expected men to be responsible for evonomic and political affairs while women concentrated on children and home
- idealized view of women as moral leaders in hime and educators of children |
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Term
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Definition
| Jackson killed national bank and made various state banks known as the.... |
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Term
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Definition
court declared all parts of western territory were open to slavery
- repuclicans said this was the greatest crime in then annals of republic
- was a slave who lived on the land of missouri and sued the court for freedom |
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Term
| Emancipation Proclamation |
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Definition
after battle of antietam Lincoln issued a warning that slaves were free
- led to 13th 14th and 15th amendments |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
leading radical republican of Mass.
- hoped blacks in south would be able to exercise civil rights |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Advantages of North during Civil war |
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Definition
more free citizens
Had many people to grow food and to work in factories making supplies
Had more than 70% of the nation's rail lines
had a strong navy and a large fleet of private trading ships |
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Term
| Disadv. of NOrth during civil war |
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Definition
Northern soldiers had to conquer a huge area to bring the South back into the Union
They were invading unfamiliar land |
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Term
| adv. of south during civil war |
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Definition
Defending their homeland gave them a strong reason to fight
had skills that made them good soldiers
Many of the best officers in the United States were from the South |
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Term
| disadv. of south during civil war |
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Definition
Had few factories to produce weapons, railroad tracts, and other supplies
Had few railroads to move troops and vital supplies
The South had a small population, about 9 million lived in the Confederacy and 22 million in the Union
More than 1/3rd of the population was enslaved; therefore they had fewer people that could be soldiers |
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Term
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Definition
believed in total war
led a force of 10000 men that burned everything through their paths
march had intended effects:
helped to break the will of the confederacy and destroying its will to fight on |
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Term
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Definition
guranteed the right to hold all slave territories south of 36 30'
-lincoln couldnt acceot compro |
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Term
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Definition
Lee invaded maryland hoping to get union
- encouraged ppl to form allies with him
-deadliest day
- south could never get so close to winning again
-draw
-leads to lincoln issuing emancipation proc. |
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Term
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Definition
| opposed war and wanted to negotiate peace |
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Term
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Definition
black abolitionist
started the antislavery journal The North Star |
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Term
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Definition
| Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, and Missouri |
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