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AP II Test 2 on Chapters 19, 20, and 21
Blood Vessels
47
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
06/26/2011

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Term
the tunics of the 3 blood vessels
Definition
arteries: thick tunica media
Capallaries: only a tunica intima
veins: thin tunica media
Term
3 types of blood vessels
Definition
arteries, capallaries, and veins
Term
the three layers of blood vessels
Definition
endothelium, subendothelial layer, and internal elastic lamina
Term
Tunica Intima
Definition
lines interior/lumen, endothelium, decreases friction of blood flow
Term
tunica media
Definition
bulky, middle coat,smooth muscle and elastic tissue, changes diameter
Term
tunica externa
Definition
outer coat, fibrous CT, supports
Term
why do arteries have a thick tunica media
Definition
they have to withstand a lot of pressure when the heart forces blood out
Term
what is special about veins?
Definition
they are 2-5 times the size of arteries, they have a thin tunica media, and there is no pressure
Term
what is secial about capallaries?
Definition
only have a tunica intima, this is also where diffusion takes place, & oxygen exchane
Term
endothelium
Definition
Term
subendothelial layer
Definition
Term
internal elastic lamina
Definition
Term
which way does blood flow in veins
Definition
back to the heart
Term
how do we get the blood in the veins back the hert?
Definition
Term
What 3 things affect blood pressure
Definition
diameter, length, and viscosity
Term
diameter
Definition
can change in unhealthy people, the bigger diameter is the lower blood pressure is
Term
length
Definition
usually constant, the longer it is the higher blood pressure is
Term
viscosity
Definition
thickness of fluid, usually constant, thicker blood is the higher blood pressure is
Term
3 types of capallaries and where you find them
Definition
continuous: muscles and skin
fenestrated (cells w holes): kidneys, endcrine glands, small intestines
sinusoids:irregular shaped lumens, sluggish, bone marrow, liver, and lymphoid tissue
Term
metarteriole
Definition
feeds capallary beds
Term
postcapillary venule
Definition
drains cap bed
Term
anastamossies
Definition
in a network of streams is the reconnection of two streams that previously branched out, such as blood vessels or leaf veins
Term
vericose veins
Definition
blood pools in feet and legs, inefficient venous return, overworked valves give way, veins become twisted and dilated
Term
what is pulse pressure and what does it indicate?
Definition
the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure, and it represents the force that your heart generates each time it contracts
Term
what is map?
Definition
mean arterial pressure, pressure that propels blood to the tissues
diastolic+pulse pressue/3
Term
systolic pressure
Definition
pressure during conntraction
Term
diastolic pressure
Definition
lowest level of arterial pressure
Term
vasomotor tone
Definition
constant moderate constriction, the brain controls this
Term
what are baroreceptors, and where are they found
Definition
help adapt to high or low blood pressure quickly, they are found in the blood vessels, they are a type of mechanoreceptor
Term
ADH
Definition
ADH= higher BP, higher H2O, higher blood volume= mild vasoconstriction
Term
Aldosterone
Definition
increases blood pressure
Term
renin
Definition
increases bp
Term
angiotensin
Definition
increases bp
Term
what is chronic hypotension
Definition
low blood viscosity, may be due to poor nutrition, addisons disease, or hypothyroidism
Term
chronic hypertension
Definition
major cause of heart failure, progressive disease that wears and tears on heart and arteries
Term
what is myogenic and metabolic controls for reperfusion?
Definition
response due to lack of stretch in blood vessels, and response due to accumulation of metabolic wastes in tissues
Term
hypovolemic shock
Definition
large scale blood loss, weak pulse initial sign, drop in bp late sign, must replace fluid volume quickly
Term
atherosclerosis
Definition
walls of vessels harden and block lumen, increases bp
Term
what do lymphatic vessels resemble
Definition
veins
Term
where do you put lymph back into the blood stream?
Definition
capallaries to vessels to ducts, and to the venous system
Term
where do you find lymph nodes in the body?
Definition
clustered along the lymphatic vessels
Term
what is a splenectomy, and why do we not do them anymore, especially on children?
Definition
removal of spleen when hemoragging, we dont do this anymore because it causes the liver to get tired because it takes over all the duties, and we dont do it on children because it has something to do with their immune systen maturing
Term
peyers patches
Definition
found in the inestines, and it acts as the 2nd barrier with lymph nodules
Term
non self anitgen
Definition
foreign, threat
Term
self anitgen
Definition
not seen as threat
Term
what is lymph?
Definition
A colorless fluid containing white blood cells, which bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream.
Term
non specific immunity
Definition
first line of defense: skin and mucous membrane
second line of defense: cells and chemicals
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