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First of the slave factories, built by the portuguese. African slaves went here before they were transported to the new world.
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European rulers who united their countries and centralized their gov'ts (created armies, etc...), strengthening the gov'ts to where they were in a position to colonize the new world |
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Portuguese exporer who came back from India to Portugal with all kinds of cool goods |
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| The exchange of culture and goods and diseases, etc... between England and the New World throughout the era of exploration |
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| Funded Columbus' journey to America because they wanted to compete with portugal. Their marriage united spain. |
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| Spanish colonizers of the NW, subdued Native Americans and created a new Spanish empire there |
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| The system wherein the spanish gov't granted conquistadors peices of land and they worked the land with the indians they conquered--conquistadors got control over native labor |
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| An English guy who wanted to find a route to asia--made the first English journey to the NW |
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| Sent a couple colonists to the NW to claim his grant--the Roanoke colonists came back with them |
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| Founded by Sir Walter Raleigh. Failed due to bad location, lack of resources, and trouble with the indians |
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| Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon |
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| Their marriage allied Spain and England, preventing English colonization of NW. With the end of this marriage and establishment of the Anglican church, this alliance ended. |
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| Lover and 2nd wife of Henry VIII, mother of Elizabeth I (the good ruler) |
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| French guy who went to canada |
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| Founded quebec for the French |
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| Movement to destroy the old church, follow ideas of Luther and Calvin |
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| solved the religious debates in England during her rulership |
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| When Henry VIII broke off the English church, establishing protestantism there |
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| When Henry VIII made himself supreme head of the English church |
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| Defeat of the Spanish armada |
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Definition
| When Elizabeth slaughtered the Armada, causing spain's downfall as the greatest power of time and bringing england to prominence |
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| The English's violent colonization of Ireland, which tested the theories of colonial rule |
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| found the deserted roanoke colony, brought the colonists home |
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| In Chesepeake, had tobbacco-based economy. Led by John Smith, so the rule was quite military |
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| Head of Jamestown, ruled with an iron fist, made everyone work to eat |
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| The assembly in Virginia. It was an elected assembly |
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| Pocahantas' husband, grower of tobacco, Rolfe's tobacco "saved" Virginia b/c they were able to sell it in the colonies, etc... |
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| business enterprise where people owned stock in the companies and got paid dividends. |
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| Puritans wanting to escape the tyranny of king Charles I left England and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony |
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| Puritan colony founded by John Winthrop |
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| Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams |
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| Exiled to Rhode Island because of aberrant religious beliefs |
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| Governor of Mass. Bay Colonies, led Great Migration |
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| governor of the Plymouth rock colony, helped his colonists stay alive by making friends with the squanto |
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| super intense protestants who wanted to remove all traces of the cathololic church from protestantism |
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| Agreement among the pilgrims to create a government on plymouth rock |
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| The guys from Scrooby Manor who wanted to leave the Catholicism present in England. First went to holland, then established the Mass. Bay Colonies in the NW |
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| The male head of a family |
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| Powerful landowning class at the head of Jamestown society |
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| American born african slaves |
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| suppliers of African slaves to the NW |
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| theory where you want to export more than you import so that the gov't has a lot of money. |
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Definition
| English overthrow of James II, parliament gets sovereignty over king |
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Definition
| Restoration of JamesII to the throne in England (he got overthrown later anyhow) |
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Definition
| Britain, trying to maintain favorable balance of trade, only lets the colonies trade to England. |
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Definition
| unsuccessful rebellion in Virginia, resulting in some political reforms. Wanted to protect virginia settlers against indian raids. People died and Jamestown was burned to the ground,but some reforms were made |
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Definition
| Indian rebellion in NE leading to the Massachusetts bay company charter being taken away |
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| Edmund Andros and the Dominion of New England |
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Definition
| Short-lived New England gov't |
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Definition
| an unwritten constitution dividing England into the Monarch, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. Representation was unfair. |
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| representative assemblies committed to the colonists rights |
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| not necissarily formally trained religious leaders. They want a return to religion but believe that the colonists don't necissarily have to join churches. Focus is on the individual saving themself |
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Definition
| formally trained congregationalist ministers who felt that church membership (community, etc...) was necessary for salvation |
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Definition
| Protestant revivals, a coming back to religion, more emotional element to relgion, and individuals can save themselves. |
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Definition
| Started the Great Awakening, thought that congretational ministers were softening up too much. He preached some hard core predestination crap. He was an "old light" |
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Definition
| Great "new light" speechmaker of the Great Awakening who preached that people could change whether they went to heaven or hell |
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Definition
| Ben Franklin's plan to form a grand council for the colonies. It didn't get approval, but set a model for later unions. |
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Definition
| french ruler who had troops, but didn't send them to his colonies. He let quebec and montreal fend for themselves against the english and their colonies |
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Term
| French and Indian War (7 Years War) |
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Definition
| War between the Enlgish and the French over colonies |
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Definition
| led by Braddock, the Eglish tried to take Ohio valley from the french. they lost |
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| George Washington (in context of the French Indian War) |
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Definition
| this was where he got military training |
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Definition
| wanted to put the central conflict of the war in the colonies, which would require colony $ and support. |
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Definition
| 2 American generals attacked quebec in the French Indian war, and won. |
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Definition
| ended the 7 years war. The english really get everything, lots of french canadians go under british control |
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Definition
| "new light" following in the footsteps of George Whitefield, criticized the formally trained congregationalist ministers. Preached that the gap between the rich and the poor was unethical. |
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Definition
| English king during the American Revolution |
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Definition
| favored independence/didn't favor independence |
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| Parliamentary Sovereignty |
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Definition
| let the british parliament rule the colonies and tax them |
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Definition
| Virginian who thought that virginia should get to tax itself, fought the stamp act--5 resolutions against the stamp act. The fifth (stricken from the records) was treasonous, would have not allowed parliament to tax virginia--henry accused of treason |
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Definition
| Englishman pro colonist taxation, reduced England's debt |
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| Loyalist governor of Mass. during the Revolution. Boston Stamp distributor. Sons of Liberty attacked him and forced him to resign |
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Term
| John Adams (context of revolution) |
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Definition
Patriot, son of liberty, wrote parts of the declaration of independence
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Term
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Definition
| believed that gov'ts had a contract to provide for the public good--gov't must protect life, liberty, adn property |
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| lowered the english duty on molasses to try to prevent the colonists from skipping out on paying it. the colonists saw through it, though, and fought harder than ever. |
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Definition
| all legal docs must have stamps on them to be legalized. The stamps are tribute to the brits. Americans saw this as taxation without representation |
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Term
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Definition
| formed during the protest against the stamp act, these guys were patriots all the way |
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Definition
| development of the american independence movement |
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Term
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Definition
| asserted parliament's reign over the colonies, and their ability to tax the colonies |
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| taxed a bunch of american imports (like tea) |
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Definition
| Required colonists to let soldiers live in their houses |
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Definition
| a squabble between the british soldiers and the colonists, over dramatized into a massacre (like, 4 people died) |
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| son of liberty, watned american independence |
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Definition
| gave east india trading company the right to trade directly with retailers, screwing things up for american merchants. Lowers prices of tea, trying to get americans to buy more and support the East India Trading co. |
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Term
| Coercive/Intolerable Acts |
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Definition
1. Boston port closed 'till spilled tea is paid for. 2. Mass. upper body becomes appointed, only one meeting allowed per year. 3. British officials arrested in line of duty not punished 4. British troops can quarter wherever they want. |
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Definition
British Act declaring war on American commerce, blocking their port so they can't trade any more.
This wasn't that effective. |
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Term
| Committees of Corresspondence |
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Definition
| Created by Sam Adams, used for American people to tell the gov't what needed changing |
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Definition
| wrote declaration of independence (created New America) |
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Definition
| place of first british attack |
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Term
| Second Continental Congress |
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Definition
| seized responsibility for war preparations, made George Washington the Commander in Cheif of the Army |
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Term
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Definition
| wrote common sense a pamphlet, convincing americans of the revolution's necessity |
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Definition
| German mercenaries hired against the americans during the revolution |
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Term
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Definition
| a battle that America lost in the revolution |
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Term
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Definition
| washington's troops, having lost at the battle of long island, attack a base at trenton, where they win |
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Definition
| where washington won on his way to albany. This was a humiliating defeat for the english |
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Definition
| a stupid british general who chased the americans around and set up a stupid base at yorktown, which the americans took |
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Term
| Peace Treaty: Franklin, Jay, Adams |
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Definition
| Secret peace treaty to end the revolutionary war, got good terms for the americans (big borders, etc...). This worked out because they played on competition between the spanish and the English. |
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Term
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Definition
| believed in no centralized monarchy, the importance of virtue, etc... |
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Term
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Definition
| Jay gives up miss. ri. to spain in favor of direct spanish trade, pissing off the south |
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Term
| Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
| goerned the confederacy. Congress couldn't tax, all states must approve all new legislature. Congress powers suck |
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Term
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Definition
| marked out and sold midwest land, got no real respect (lots o squatters) |
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Term
| Northwest ordinance of 1787 |
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Definition
| changes middle territories gov't, at certain population territories can govern themselves, at greater population, they can apply for statehood. |
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Term
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Definition
| madison and friends got together, discussed articles of confed |
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Term
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Definition
| indebted farmers protest debt law. |
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Definition
| possible plan for new gov't with bicameral legislature and proportional voting, proposedby madison |
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Term
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Definition
| Proposed by Patterson, each state gets 1 vote in unicameral legislature |
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| Our current system of bicameral legislature with the current representation system |
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Definition
| slaves worth 3/5s of person in population counts for slave states |
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| collection of essays supporting ratificaion of US constitution |
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Definition
| Madison's paper favoring factions over special interest groups |
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| localists, tended to be poorer, rural |
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Definition
| came up with virginia plan, wrote bill of rights, federalist |
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Definition
| 1st superintendent of finance, mixed public and private funds (making people nervous), watned to make profit for gov't |
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Definition
| added "we the people" to the constitution |
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Definition
| English tea party stuff, represented luxury, republicans didn't really like it |
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| Society of the Cincinnati |
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Definition
| military club, hereditary, pissed people off, wasn't hereditary any more |
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Definition
| argued that democracy doesn't work over a large area |
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Definition
| rewrote constitution (b/c the articles weren't working out, as evidenced by shays rebellion) |
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Definition
| proveded for a supreme court with a cheif justice and 5 associate justices |
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Term
| George Washington (in the context of the New Republic) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| written by Hamilton, favored staying out of foriegn permanent alliances (this was Washington's Farewell address to the people when he left office) |
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Definition
| secretary of treasury, wanted the US controlled by elites who were were also serving personal greed (tought this would be good) |
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Definition
| bank with private $ to keep all of federal $ in one place (this was Hamilton's bank) |
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Term
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Definition
| Hamiltonians--Us immersion into world economy, strong national organizations led by an elite group, order over liberty |
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Term
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Definition
| Jeffersonians--favor france, more for states' rights |
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Definition
| hamilton's report wherein he addressed public debt and recommended that the Federal gov't pay state debts (fed'l assumption of state debts) |
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Term
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Definition
| tried to get gov't to support manufacturing to free the US from foreign independence, watned agrarian tarrifs and bounties to support this shift |
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Term
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Definition
| Penn. Farmers protest tax on whiskey, gov't won't suprpress rebellion, Washington ended the rebellion |
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Term
| Proclamation of Neutrality |
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Definition
| issued by the US, not honored by britain, who impressed US ships (in their fight against france) and wouldn't get thier goddam troops out of our land |
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Definition
| Frehcn minster to US authorised an attack on British ships in france's name. He was an idiot. |
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Definition
| JJ wanted $ for impressed ships and stoped impressment, Hamilton screwed it up, got brits to vacate the forts but not to honor neutrality till all debt paid. This pisses the public off. |
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Term
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Definition
| opening of the Miss. (which had been given to the Spanish a long time ago) b/c spanish fear a british/US conspiracy against them |
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Term
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Definition
| after Wayne beats up the native americans at the battle of fallen timbers, they give up ohio to the US |
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Definition
| authorized federal sales of land to the public |
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Definition
| Bribe thing where pickney tries to renegotioate treaty wtih france, but won't be received. Quazi-war with france initiated. |
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Term
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Definition
| French see Jay's Treaty as affront and seize american ships to use against britain in the war between britain and france. |
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Definition
| Lets the president deport foreigners, voting limit for foreigners, makes criticism of the government a crime, these laws are to silence the Republicans |
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Term
| Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions |
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Definition
| Jefferson and Madison assert states rights to NOT recognize the alien and sedition acts. |
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Definition
| Jefferson becomes president |
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Term
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Definition
| seperate electoral college ballots for president and vice president |
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Term
| Barbary States / Barbary Pirates |
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Definition
| screwed up US and european commerce, europeans just paid them, but Jefferson got a treaty getting them to stop |
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Term
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Definition
| allowed for the midnight judges by creating 16 new judgeships |
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Definition
| HUGE purchase from france |
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Term
| Lewis and Clark Expedition |
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Definition
| to explore the wet, they found the missouri river to be a good trade river and collected good data |
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Term
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Definition
| wanted New Jersey and New York Secession, Wilkenson gives him away |
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Term
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Definition
| Adams appointed judges at the last minute, thaks to the judiciary act of 1801 |
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Term
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Definition
| Federalist Chief Justice who heard the Marbury v. Madison case |
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Term
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Definition
| JUDICIAL REVIEW, marbury wants his commission which adams gave him, Jefferson tells madison not to give it to him. Marshall rules that madison doesn't have to give the thing to marbury. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where british seize the ships and take the soldiers and make them be in the british army |
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Term
| Chesapeake-Leopard Affair |
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Definition
| the leaopord (british) commanded the american chesepeake to submit to a search, but they refuse, and the brits open fire |
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Term
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Definition
| stops all US trade to tty to force the brits and the french to obey US neutrality (this was jefferson's plan) it didn't really work out too well |
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Term
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Definition
| Try to stop American "broken voyages" letting france trade with its colonies |
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Term
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Definition
| Madison's plan where all trade would be resumed except with GB and france. |
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Term
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Definition
| madison passes macon's bill #2 with carrot and stick provision where he starts out resuming trade with both GB and France, but if one country agrees to neutrality, US stops trade with the other one |
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Term
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Definition
| Trying to get European Compliance without going to war |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressed Madison to go to war |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| NE didn't like the war of 1812, want more states rights and more northern power |
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Term
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Definition
| Extreme republicans who thought Jeffersons foreign policy sacrificed virtue for order |
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Term
| Henry Clay (context of war of 1812) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| General in the West, defeated Tecumse at the battle of Tippecanoe |
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Term
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Definition
| Wanted to establish Native American culture, lost battle of Tippecanoe and went to GB for help |
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Term
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Definition
| ended the war of 1812 pending later discussions on neutral rights |
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Term
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Definition
| battle at the end of the war of 1812 that the Americans win |
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Term
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Definition
| court case giving georgia land to innocent buyers, upholding the supreme court's rights to rule on the constitutionality of laws |
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Term
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Definition
| a midnight judge who Jefferson wanted out because he said "seditious" things |
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Term
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Definition
| Georgia had sold Yazoo illegally, supreme court gave the buyers the land (fletcher v. peck) |
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Term
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Definition
| SPain gabe up FLorida to the US for $5 million. THis happened under JQA's rule |
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Term
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Definition
| privately owned, nationally chartered toll roads that weren't effective for commerce but were for personal transportation |
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Term
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Definition
| NY merchant who set up a fur trading post in the far west. used "mountain men" as fur trappers |
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Term
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Definition
| The civilized of the Indian tribes--wouldn't give up their land easily (they had democracy, some of them, even) |
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Term
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Definition
| inventor of the steamboat |
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Term
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Definition
| Built during the canal boom during the golden days of steamboat trade |
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Term
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Definition
| instead of just local trade and subsistence, national trade develops with merchant intermediaries |
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Term
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Definition
| revolutionized slavery in the south |
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Term
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Definition
| manufacturing system where merchants bought raw materials from farmers, give them to households, pick them up as finished products, and then sell them |
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Term
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Definition
| Henry Clays system of high tariffs protecting merchants and stimulating trade, creating a "home market" making the US self-sufficient |
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Term
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Definition
| MIssouri enters as slave state, Maine free, 36 (degree sign) 30' line thing established |
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Term
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Definition
| Changed the Missouri statehood bill that would have banned further introduction of slaves into Missouri, as well as providing for future emancipation of slaves. THis didn't work out |
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Term
| Dartmouth College v. Woodward |
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Definition
| New Hampshire can't convert Dartmouth from a private to a public school, rules supreme court. THe old charter still holds so they still get state $$, even. |
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Term
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Definition
| Maryland was trying to tax a branch of the bank of the United States. Marshall says no. |
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Term
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Definition
| NY had granted a monopoly to a ferry, court declares this unconstituitional because it interferes with congress's right to regulate interstate commerce |
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Term
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Definition
| Regarding new countries rebelling in SPain: US oposes further colonization of the Americas and any European effort to extend their political systems further. |
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Term
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Definition
| Worked in textile factories. THey lived in the factories in not great conditions working for not great wages. |
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Term
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Definition
| there was only one political party, so it seemed that there was total unity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Universal Manhood Suffrage |
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Definition
| Jackson's america gave this to every white male--not just those with land (although they almost all owned ladn anyhow) |
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Term
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Definition
| THe democracy with the total equality and the common man crap |
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Term
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Definition
| Jackson's political opponent. WOn the first election (corrupt bargain) and kept pushing economic reforms that the country wasn't ready for, due to depression |
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Term
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Definition
| Clay gives JQA his support, winning the election for JQA. IN return, JQA makes Henry Clay VP |
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Term
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Definition
| Rotation of members of congress and cabinet |
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Term
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Definition
| Wife of a congressman, supported by Jackson although not accepted by the other wives of the congressmen. THis let Jackson get most of his cabinet out and a new cabinet in (They quit b/c of the peggy eaton thing) |
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Term
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Definition
| VP to Jackson in his first term. Was upset about tarrifs on manufactures, led a rebellion in the south about it |
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Term
| Worcester v. Georgia and Cherokee Nation v. Georgia |
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Definition
| Denied the rights of states to extend jurisdiction of indian land. Jackson ignored these rulings and did it anyhow |
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Term
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Definition
| THe hike that the Cherokee were forced to take away from their homes and west of the Mississippi River. |
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Term
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Definition
| Jackson goes with the people on this one--they want the indians out of the frontier, and Jackson complies |
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Term
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Definition
| Southcarolinia, led by Calhoun, wanted to nullify tariffs on manufactures |
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Term
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Definition
| Gave Jackson military power he needed to use force against south Carolina |
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Term
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Definition
| Jackson attacked the 2nd bank of the US b/c he thought it was elitist |
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Term
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Definition
| HEad of the 2nd bank of the US, had worked to curb US overextension of credit--actually did a pretty good job as head of the bank |
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Term
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Definition
| Sec'y of treasury appointed by jackson to move all funds from the 2nd bank of the US to the pet banks |
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Term
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Definition
| Due to overextension of credit by the pet banks, Jackson decided to make everyone stop using state printed money. ONly specie could be used as $ now |
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Term
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Definition
| depression caused by the specie circular |
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Term
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Definition
| President after Jackson. Faced with the economic crisis. People blamed this on jacksonian democracy. van buren believed in laissez faire, so he wouldn't subsidize anyone, etiher |
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Term
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Definition
| Van Buren's idea for where to put all the fed. money, INDEPENDENT Of private influence |
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Term
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Definition
| protected manufacturers, pissed off southerners |
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Term
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Definition
| Webster for states' rights, Hayne for National Sovereignty |
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