Term
Discovery
Columbus/reasons |
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Definition
| the Spanish needed to find a shorter and quicker way to Asia (sending goods by land meant paying Muslim middlemen, also the route around Africa was controlled by Portugal), Columbus thought that he could reach the Indies by sailing west and he was so stubborn that when he discovered America he refused to believe that he hadn't found Asia |
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Term
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Definition
| Phillip II of Spain amassed huge armada for planned invasion of England, armada was defeated by the British sea dogs, defeat marked the beginning of the decline of Spain's empire, also marked England's ascent to most powerful nation |
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Term
| colonization in N. America |
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Definition
| English at Jamestown in 1607, French at Quebec in 1608, and the Spanish at Sante Fe in 1610 |
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Term
New England
Mayflower Compact |
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Definition
| agreement signed by Pilgrims before they left Mayflower, they agreed to set up a government and follow its rules |
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Term
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Definition
| prominent Pilgrim, elected governor of Plymouth colony many years |
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Term
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Definition
| Pilgrims were separatist Puritans (wanted to separate from Church of England) Puritans just wanted to purify the Church of England |
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Term
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Definition
| colony in North America founded by English Puritans, Puritans fled because the feared for their religion and for England's future, became one of the biggest and most influencial of the New England outposts |
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Term
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Definition
| was elected governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony for many years, he helped Massachusetts prosper as fur trading, fishing and shipping blossomed into important industries |
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Term
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Definition
| dominant religion of the Puritans, belief in predestination, created by John Calvin |
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Term
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Definition
| Puritan dissenter, was banished from Massachusetts by colony for heresy (antinomianisn), caused problems in the Bay Colony |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that the truly saved need not bother to obey the law of either God or man, heresy to the Puritans |
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Term
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Definition
| separatist minister from Salem, MA, Puritan leaders of the Bay Colony planned to banish him to England for his dangerous opinions (he challenged their authority), but he fled to and founded the Rhode Island Colony, in Rhode Island he established freedom of religion and simple manhood suffrage |
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Term
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Definition
| since membership in Puritan Churches was declining the Puritan Church offered partial membership to those not yet converted sacrificing religious purity for participation |
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Term
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Definition
| lead a group of Boston Puritans to Connecticut which he founded (New Haven), began the spreading out of New England |
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Term
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Definition
| A modern constitution, established a democratic government in Connecticut |
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Term
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Definition
| several Indian tribes united and coordinated assaults on English, last serious Indian threat to New England colonists |
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Term
Southern Colonies
VA purpose, problems, failures, successes |
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Definition
| purpose was to get England involved in colonization of America (to gain land), Roanoke Colony failed, economy was a wreck until tobacco was introduced as prime crop |
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Term
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Definition
| encouraged importation of indentured servants, system gave land to people who paid for the passage of indentured servants, slavery begins in 1619 |
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Term
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Definition
| considered the "father of tobacco", he perfected methods of raising and curing tobacco, saved the Virginia Colony's economy by introducing tobacco |
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Term
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Definition
| 1619, probably began as the tide of indentured servants coming to America decreased, also probably as a result of the revolts caused by the indentured servants |
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Term
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Definition
| colonial Virginia legislative assembly, first minature congress in the colonies |
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Term
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Definition
| royalist supporters of King Charles I during English Civil War, after restoration, continued to signify a royalist |
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Term
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Definition
| planters led by Nathaniel Bacon, in combat against the royal governor and the Indians, extended rights of freemen and restricted rights of Indians, short-lived revolt in colonial Virginia, began when Nathaniel Bacon led his fellow colonists in combat against royal government and Indians because they were opposed to governors policy which threatened their expansion into the west |
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Term
| Georgia reasons/successes |
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Definition
| founded as debtor's haven, valued by the crown as a buffer colony that would protect the more valuable Carolina's from the Spanish in Florida |
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Term
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Definition
| English soldier/statesman/philanthopist, founded the English colony of Georgia as a debtor's haven |
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Term
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Definition
| political analyist, believed that a government exists only to preserve the natural rights of man (life, liberty, property), also he believed that when governments failed to protect the interests of the people than the people had the right to rebel against that government |
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Term
| staple crops in the south |
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Definition
| tobacco, indigo, rice, all required many slaves |
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Term
Middle Colonies
William Penn |
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Definition
| founded Pennsylvania as a haven for his fellow Quakers, also as a "Holy Experiment" (an experiment with religious freedom and liberal laws) |
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Term
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Definition
| system in Dutch New Netherland colony, gave huge grants of land to aristocrats who promised to send 50 settlers in 4 years, system worked poorly because the patroon couldn't be managed well from Holland |
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Term
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Definition
| last director of the New Netherland colony, he surrendered the colony to the English after a surprise attack |
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Term
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Definition
| the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas, the five nations that composed the Iroquios Conferacy, great military power in what is now New York State before the colonization by Europeans |
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Term
Religion in the Colonies
PA, MD, RI- founders est. churches |
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Definition
| Penn (Quaker) founded PA, Baltimore (Catholic) founded MD , and Williams (Puritan Separatist) founded RI |
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Term
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Definition
| intense revival of interest in religion, first mass movement of the American people, helped break down sectional boundaries and contributed to the sense of being an "American" |
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Term
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Definition
| started the Great Awakening in America, preached that salvation couldn't be attained through good works |
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Term
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Definition
| revolutuonized the spiritual life of the colonies, brought emotion to spirituality |
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Term
| Maryland Act of Toleration |
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Definition
| granted religious tolerance in Maryland, to protect the Catholics who were outnumbered by Protestants |
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Term
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Definition
| new emerging religion, combined science with christianity, was followed by the highly educated people |
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Term
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Definition
| French protestants, were persecuted by the Catholic government as well as the Catholic people |
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Term
Colonial Economy
mercantilism- |
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Definition
| economical and political belief, belief that colonies existed only to benefit the mother country, used to shape and justify the exploitation of lesser countries, used by all major world powers |
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Term
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Definition
| Americans were only allowed to trade with England, kept wealkth within england |
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Term
| (Vice)- Admirality Courts |
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Definition
| courts created in America by the Stamp and Sugar Acts, offenders were tried by British judges instead of juries, also it was on the defendant to prove himself innocent, a direct encroachment of the coveted British right to a trial by jury and of the doctrine of "innocent until proven guilty" |
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Term
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Definition
| British law that required all American colonies to base their currencies on the British pound, the British didn't want their colonies to switch to francs or dubloons |
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Term
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Definition
| English system of inheritance, the eldest son received the estate and money of his father and other sons were forced to make their own fortune. |
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Term
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Definition
| Europeans who exchanged several years of labor for passage to the American colonies, one step before slavery |
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Term
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Definition
| very popular book in both Europe and America, written by Ben Franklin, one of first pieces of American literature |
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Term
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Definition
| all three documents gave all Englishmen, including those in Britain's colonies, Petition of Right- certain rights |
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Term
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Definition
| gave Englishmen more rights, said that the accused had to be formally charged in a court |
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Term
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Definition
| first prime minister of England, ran England for George III because George was German and didn't speak English or understand English politics |
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Term
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Definition
| the American colonists became independant during the time when they were generally ignored by the British government because it was preoccupied, helped cause the American Revolution later on because the Americans had become so used to governing themselves with little British interference |
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Term
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Definition
| intellectual movement in 17th century, rise in science thinking and reasoning |
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Term
proprietary colonies
charter colonies
royal colonies |
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Definition
proprietary colonies- PA, MD, DE
charter colonies- RI, CT
royal colonies- NH, MA, NY, NY, VA, NC, SC, GA |
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Term
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Definition
| trial of an American newspaper printer for libel against the royal governor, he was acquitted, monumental case that was the first step towards freedom of expression and of the press |
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Term
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Definition
| when James II peacefully abdicated from the throne, he was replaced by Mary and William of Orange |
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Term
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Definition
| political analyist, believed that government existed only to preserve the natural rights of man, and that if the government failed to preserve these rights than the people had the duty to overthrow that government |
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Term
France vs. Great Britain
Samuel de Champlain |
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Definition
| leading figure in the first French settlement in North America, 17th Century, Quebec, his substantial leadership earned him the title "Father of New France" |
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Term
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Definition
| French explorer, late 17th century, to check the Spanish penetration of the Gulf of Mexico area he sailed down to the mouth of the Mississippi and named the interior basion there "Louisiana" in honor of his king, he returned three years later to colonize the region but mislanded and was murdered by his men |
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Term
| French and Indian War, Seven Years War, Great War for Empire |
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Definition
| the war between French and English over domination of the North American continent, was called F&I in America and the 7yrs war in Europe |
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Term
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Definition
| English Historian, wrote bout colony lifestyles |
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Term
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Definition
| Ben Franklin's plan to unite the colonies, first attempt at unification |
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Term
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Definition
| British general during the French and Indian War, commanded a strong detachment of British regulars, led his troops in an attempt to capture Ft. Duquesne, was mortally wounded, his troops were routed after heavy losses |
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Term
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Definition
| 18th century, Prime minister of England, under his leadership and organization the British captured Louisbourg and Quebec and were able to defeat the French in the French and Indian War |
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Term
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Definition
| french fort tht controled ohio river valley.Washington starts the whole French and Indian War in his weak attempt to capture the fort |
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Term
James Wolfe
Louis Montcalm
Quebec
The Plains of Abraham |
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Definition
James Wolfe- British general, led the attack on Quebec, even though he died he won and the city of Quebec surrendered
Louis Montcalm- the French commander at Quebec, was defeated by Wolfe on the Plains of Abraham
Quebec- Canadian stronghold in North America, in Canada
The Plains of Abraham- area on the outskirts of Quebec, where the armies of Wolfe and Montcalm fought |
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Term
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Definition
| ended the French and Indian War, France lost Canada to Britain, and trans Miss-Louisiana to Spain, threw French power totally off the N. American continent |
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Term
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Definition
| the Ottowa chief Pontiac led several tribes that had been previously allied with the French in a violent (about 2000 colonists were killed) but brief attempt to force the British out of the Ohio valley, his uprising was eventually crushed, however the incident convinced the British to keep troops in the colonies and issue the Proclamation of 1763 |
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Term
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Definition
| British law passed for the protection of the colonists, future cause of the American Revolution, forbade Americans to settle beyond the Appalachians where they couldn't be protected by British troops, colonists were infuriated because they believed that they had won the right to settle there in the French and Indian War |
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Term
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Definition
| Sugar Act 1764- English tax place on West Indian sugar being imported by the American colonies, 1st act passed by Parliament for raising revenue in the colonies for the crown, |
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Term
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Definition
| English law, required certain colonies to provide food and housing for British troops |
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Term
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Definition
| George Grenville- England's Prime Minister, resented by colonists for his many laws and direct taxes, most notorious of all being the Stamp tax, |
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Term
| Committees of Correspondence |
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Definition
| first Committee of Correspondence was created in Boston by Samuel Adams, their chief function was to spread propaganda and information by interchanging letters, very effective device for stimulating resistance to British policy |
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Term
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Definition
| royal governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, a devoted loyalist he became very unpopular for his strict administration of British law, his harsh policies helped hasten colonial unrest and eventual rebellion, governor during the massacre and the tea party |
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Term
| Intolerable (Coercive/Repressive) Acts- |
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Definition
| composed of four punitive acts of retaliation for the Tea Party, Acts were an attempt to reimpose strict British rule, many of Massachusetts' chartered rights were taken away, restrictions were placed on town meetings and English officials accused of a capital crime had to be sent to England for trial, used as the justification for the meeting of the first Continental Congress |
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Term
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Definition
| most drastic of the Intolerable Acts, English law that closed Boston Harbor until damages for the tea were paid and order restored |
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Term
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Definition
| guaranteed the French subjects in Canada their Catholic religion as well as retain many of their old customs (which didn't include a representative assembly or trial by jury in civil cases), boundaries of Quebec were extended southward to the Ohio River, colonists thought that it was one of the Intolerable Acts, they also thought that it set a precedent against trials by jury and popular assemblies in America |
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Term
| First Continental Congress- |
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Definition
| response to the Intolerable Acts, not actually a congress but a consultative body, drew up many important papers including the Declaration of Rights, also formed the Association (which called for a boycott of all British goods) |
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Term
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Definition
| brilliant orator and important figure in the American revolution, member of the Virginia Committee of Correspondence, delegate to the First Continental Congress, famous for his "Give me liberty or give me death" |
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Term
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Definition
while England was busy with civil wars it pretty much ignored the colonies and left them to themselves, they had laws governing but neglected to enforce them, allowed colonies to become more independent
while England was busy with civil wars it pretty much ignored the colonies and left them to themselves, they had laws governing but neglected to enforce them, allowed colonies to become more independent |
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Term
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Definition
| Grenville claimed that the members of Parliament represented all British subjects and therefore the American colonists were represented, the idea that even though they elected no representative they were being represented |
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Term
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Definition
| actually electing a person to represent a region, the colonists didn't have actual (direct) representation Grenville claimed that they were "virtually" represented |
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Term
Internal Taxes
External Taxes |
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Definition
internal taxes- (indirect) taxes put on goods before the purchase, an internal tax is included in the purchase price, causes less trouble than external taxes because most people are unaware that they are being taxed
external taxes- (direct) taxes placed on goods at the time of their purchase, much like a sales tax, caused more trouble than internal taxes because everyone knew they were paying them |
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Term
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Definition
| act of open civil defiance of British authority, Rhode Islanders boarded and sank the revenue cutter "Gaspee" in the Naragansett Bay |
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Term
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Definition
John Singleton Copley- important American painter during the Revolutionary time period, his paintings reflected the democratic spirit of the age
Charles Peale- important American painter, painted Ben Franklin
Edmund Burke- conservative political theorist, friend of America in the British parliament, he warned that the American colonies would one day show themselves as equals to the rest of the world
Carl Becker- historian, saw Revolution as stemming from class conflict and ending in a transformed social order
Gary Nash/Edward Countryman- historians, emphasize class conflict and resentment towards wealth, evidence of revolutionary change even without the British
Bernard Bailyn- historian, believed that the colonists weren't overly burdened by the British, he believed that the colonies were already fairly democratic before independence |
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Term
| Declaration of Independence(5)- |
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Definition
Declaration of Independence(5)- Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston all worked together to write Declaration, Independence Committee
July 4, 1776- date Declaration of Independence was formally announced to colonists by Congress, date the colonies declared Independence from Britain |
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Term
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Definition
Edmund Burke- America's friend of Parliament, conservative political theorist, warned that the American colonies would one day show themselves as equals to the rest of the world
Gilbert De Motier- Marquis de Lafeyett, young Frenchmen, he volunteered his military services to America, commissioned as a major general, as well as donating money to American cause, he also helped in securing aid from France
George R. Clark- American military leader on the frontier, led a group of soldiers in attacks against British forts
Nathan Hale- was a spy for American rebels, got lots of important information for G. Washington, but was captured and hanged by British school teacher
Robert Morris- financier of the American revolution, made superintendent of finances, brought greater efficiency in accounting and military spending, invaluable services on purchasing committees, often used his own company's money to purchase things
John Paul Jones - American naval hero, terrorized England and Scotland by daring raids, refused to surrender to British "Serapis" and after more fighting the Serapis surrendered
"Bonhomme Richard"- ship given to Jones by the French, named in honor of Benjamin |
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Term
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Definition
John Burgoyne- British general, successfully started campaign by capturing Ticonderoga, planned to push down from Canada and Connect with Barry st. Leger, was forced to surrender by Americans
Barry St. Leger- British general, led advance into New York, stopped by American militia, prevented from joining with Burgoyne at Albany and forced to retreat into Canada
Thomas Gage- British General, Commander-in-Chief of British forces in Boston, became governor of Massachusetts, where he tried to enforce the Intolerable Acts, he ordered troops to Lexington and Concord
Trenton- crucial victory for American forces, surprised Hessian forces on 12/26 and captured many Hessians, also Washington secured much needed army and stones, boosted the sagging American morale
Nathaniel Greene- American general, played an important part in defending the American forces in South, triumphed over the British, successfully dividing the British under Conwallis
William Howe- replaced Gage as commander-in-chief, defeated Washington many times, but did not force a surrender, also did not move North to support Burgoyne at Saratoga
Charles Cornwallis- British general, subdued NJ, won at Branywine and captured Philadelphia, his northern advances from the South was stopped at Yorktown where he surrendered, effectively ending the war.
Francois de Grasse- French naval officer, commanded the French Atlantic Fleet, ensured the defeat of the British at Yorktown by turning back on British relief in the Battle of the Chesapeake
Jean de Rochambeau- commanded the French forces that helped defeat the British at Yorktown, persuaded Washington to join forces with LaFayette and DeGrasse and thus trap the British\
Mercenaries- hired soldiers, British hired Hessians to fight for them
Privateers- (pirates) fights for America, own own ships, attacked British merchant ships and stole their cargo
Loyalists- colonials that were loyal to the King
Tories - loyalists were often called Tories
Patriots - American rebels
Whigs- political faction in England
Neutrals- colonists that didn't take either side |
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Term
| Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
provided for a loose confederation of states, the first constitution of the Independent States
weaknesses- no executive branch, weak central government, Congress couldn't regulate commerce or try to enforce its tax collection programs, couldn't even amend the Articles without unanimous vote, left judicial affairs to the states
strengths- state's rights, no tyrannical controlling government |
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Term
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Definition
| Land Ordinance 1785- provided that the acreage of the Old Northwest should be sold to help pay off the national debt, the area was surveyed and split into townships and each township had a section set aside for public education. One of few good things accomplished by Congress under Articles: provided for orderly settlement of the region. |
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Term
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Definition
| - related to the governing of the old Northwest, first the area would be a territory, but when it had 60,000 inhabitants it could be admitted by Congress as a state, also forbade slavery in the region. |
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Term
3/5 Compromise-
Commercial compromise- |
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Definition
3/5 Compromise- decision that made a slave count as 3/5 of a person, southern states wanted the slaves to count as people in apportioning direct taxes and representation, compromise between equal representation and none at all
Commercial compromise- agreement between Northern and Southern states, Southern states agreed to stop importing slaves if there would be no more taxes on exports, to get the constitution passed |
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Term
| people and events after the revolution |
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Definition
federalists- in favor of a strong central government and in favor of the constitution
federalist papers (writers)- propaganda designed to aim support for a stronger central government written by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton. Said it was possible to extend a republican government over a large area
ratification- approval, the Constitution was ratified
Bill of Rights- first 10 amendments to the Constitution, guaranteed certain rights, many states ratified the constitution of the promise that a Bill of Rights would be added
States in Opposition-Virginia vs. New Jersey, small/large, north/south
States in order of ratification- Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire Virginia, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island |
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Term
people again
charles beard.... |
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Definition
Charles Beard- historian, described the constitution as the "reactionary" phase of the Revolutionary Era, as a maneuver by conservative property owners to control the democratic excesses unleashed in 1776, economics
Bernard Bailyn- historian, believed dispute over republicans drove the evolution of American institutions
Gordon Wood- historian, concluded that the constitution challenged the belief that a republic could survive only if it extended over a small area with a homogeneous population
George Washington- presided over Constitution Convention in Philadelphia
James Madison- "father of the Constitution", convinced many people to ratify the constitution, drafted the Bill of Rights and pushed ten through Congress, federalist, supported Constitution, helped convince Virginia to ratify the constitution
Governeur Morris- Pennsylvanian delegate to the Constitutional Convention, one of the main writers of the Constitution, reluctantly joined the Revolutionary movement to end mobocracy
Lord Sheffield- Prime Minister of England, believed that Britain would win back American trade eventually
Large-State Plan-(Virginia Plan) plan for the representation in both houses of Congress to be based on population, which would give big states, like VA, an advantage
Edmund Randolf- authored the large-state plan
New Jersey Plan-(small-state plan), provide for equal representation in a unicameral Congress
William Paterson- authored the New Jersey Plan |
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Term
Unicameral
Bicameral
Conneticut Plan |
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Definition
Connecticut Plan- "Great Compromise", provided for a bicameral Congress, one house would have representation based on population and the other house would have equal representation (House and Senate respectively)
Roger Sherman- authored the Connecticut Plan
Bicameral- government where the legislative body is divided into two houses
Unicameral- government with one house legislative body |
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Term
Philadelphia convention
bunch of men from chp 9 |
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Definition
Electoral College- president is elected indirectly by a group of elections, put in the constitution because the masses were considered too stupid to elect a president
Charles Peale- American portrait painter, painted Ben Franklin, George Washington, with out him we would have little record of what people looked like
States Rights- belief that the states should be sovereign and control themselves (weak central government)
Dey of Algiers- pirate of the North African States, ravaged America's Mediterranean commercial shipping, too poor to bribe and too weak to militarily defeat him
John Jay- helped write Federal Papers* negotiated the peace at Paris
Daniel Shays- led an uprising in Mass., led a group of debtors in rebellion, demanded cheap paper money, lighter taxes and suspension of mortgage foreclosures, rebellion was crushed, mobocracy
Mobocracy- rule by the members, rule by force, when the mob didn't agree with something they just revolt and change it.
Anarchy- rule by no one,. chaos
Annapolis Convention- meeting of delegates in Annapolis, only 5 showed, didn't meet quorum, agreed to meet in Philadelphia
Alexander Hamilton- federalist, supported Constitution, gained support for ratification in New York, at the Annapolis convention, he planned for Congress to meet in Philadelphia to revise Articles
Quorum- says how many people had to be present to conduct business
Philadelphia Convention- secret convention, delegates met and decided to change the government, get rid of the Articles of Confederation |
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Term
| 7 Articles of the Constitution- |
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Definition
7 Articles of the Constitution-
1.Legislative department- deals with Congress
2.Executive department- deals with the Presidency
3.Judicial Department- deal with the Supreme Court and lesser courts
4.relations of the states to one another- governs how the states must act
relation to one another
5.Process of Amendment- 2/3 of all Congress or 2/3 of all states
6.General Provisions- Confederation's debts assumed, federal laws superior to state laws, federal and state officers bound by oath to support Constitution
7.Ratification of the Constitution - the Constitution must be ratified by 9/13 states to become law |
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Term
| Bill of Rights (First 10 amendments) |
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Definition
Bill of Rights (First 10 amendments)
religious and political freedom- freedom of speech, the press, peaceful congregation, and religion
right to bear arms- no laws can be passed preventing people from owning guns, so that the citizens can have militias and not be controlled by the military
No quartering of troops- government cannot force you to feed and shelter troops in your house
searches and seizures- illegal without warrant
right to life, liberty, and property- trial rights: due process, formal charging, no seizing of life, liberty and property without due process, don't have to incriminate self
protection in Criminal Trials- guarantees a trial
Suits at Common Law- can have a jury in civil trial if wanted
Bail and Punishments- nothing excessive, so you can't be tortured, kept in jail for too many years or forced to pay an exorbitant fine
Concerning rights not enumerated- people retain the rights that aren't listed here
power reserved to the states and to the people- powers not delegated to the federal government |
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Term
First cabinet
Concurrent powers
Reserved powers
Delegated powers |
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Definition
Delegated powers- federal powers, rights given to federal government from states, states cannot do any of these
Reserved powers- state powers, only states can do these
Concurrent powers- federal and state powers, both can do these
First cabinet- formed to help Washington make decisions |
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Term
| Henry Knox......Ben Franklin |
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Definition
Thomas Jefferson - Secretary of State
Alexander Hamilton- Secretary of the Treasury
Henry Knox- Secretary of War
Edmund Randolf- Attorney General, knowledgeable of laws
Ben Franklin- Postmaster General |
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Term
| population colonies.....Amendmant procedure |
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Definition
Population colonies- 1790 explain, 90% of population is rural, all immigrants were WASPS
Sectionalism- love of area that you live in at the expense of the country 1st allegiance to state
Nationalism- love of the country over everything else, first allegiance to country
Electoral College- a group of elected people that meet to elect the president, president is therefore elected indirectly
George Washington- Why? He was elected because he was the Revolutionary War hero, first president
Amendment procedure- amendments could be added if 3/4 of states voted for it or if it received a 3/4 vote in both houses of Congress |
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Term
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Definition
| organized the Supreme Court (One Chief & 5 Assoc.), also established federal district and circuit courts, also established office of attorney general |
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Term
| Jon Jay.........bill becomes a law |
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Definition
John Jay- first chief justice of the Supreme Court
Funding at Par- meant the federal government would pay off its debts at face value plus accumulated interest, to help boost national credit
Assumption Compromise- Virginia would accept the assumption of state debts by federal government if the District of Columbia was located on the Potomac (thus gaining commerce and prestige)
District of Columbia- Why? took land from Virginia and Maryland and made a completely neutral capital
Father of National Debt- Alexander Hamilton, believed that a national debt was good if funded properly, the more creditors that were owed money, the more people that would brave a stake in the success of his experiments
How a bill becomes a law- has to win majority of both houses and then be signed by the president, if vetoed by president, then bill must be approved by 2/3 of the Congress |
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Term
| Make-up of Congress- requirements |
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Definition
House- 2 yr. terms, 25 yrs old, 7 yr citizen of U.S., 435 members, based on population
Senate- 6 yr terms, 30 yrs old, 9 yr citizen of U.S., 100 members (2 per state) |
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Term
| Elasic clause...........revenue tariff |
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Definition
Revenue Tariff- tax on imports to raise money
Protective Tariff- tax put on goods to keep them out of the country
Excise tax- luxury tax, whiskey was taxed causing the whiskey rebellion, way to raise money
B.U.S. - Bank of U.S. - federal bank, created by Congress, partially owned by the federal government
"Not Worth a Continental"- nothing backed up the Continental, Continental wasn't worth anything
Loose construction- loosely interpretation the Constitution to mean what you want it to, Hamilton
Strict construction- strictly interpretating the Constitution, taking it word for word, Jefferson
implied powers- powers that are implied depending on the interpretation of the Constitution
Elastic clause- anything that's not specifically stated in the Constitution, can be implied, in the Constitution |
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Term
| Whiskey rebellion...democrats |
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Definition
Whiskey Rebellion- pioneers in West Pennsylvania were upset by tax on whisky, challenge to new government, crushed by military, showed the power of the new government.
Election 1788- Washington was unanimously elected, he was because he was the war hero, no opposition
Election 1792- Washington reelected, no competition, didn't think he did anything wrong
Election 1796- John Adams elected (defeated Jefferson), made Jefferson Vice-President, first time somebody other than Washington became president
Federalist Party- Hamilton's supporters, wanted the central government to have more power
Democratic- Rebublican Party- Jefferson's supporters, want the people to have more power |
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Term
| Franco american alliance.........pickneys treaty |
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Definition
Franco-American Alliance 1778- alliance between France and America
Neutrality Proclamation- George Washington wanted to avoid entering the war in Europe, so he declared America neutral
Edmond Genet- Frenchman landed in SC, he worked to outfit privateers and take advantage of the Franco-American alliance, tried to drive a wedge between Britain and America so the Americans would fight with the French
Anthony Wayne- British General, defeated the NW Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
Treaty of Greenville 1795- between the Indians and the British, Indians gave up their claim to a vast area of Ohio country to the British, helps us solve the Indian problem in the NW
Impressment- explain- British sailors boarded other countries ship and forced some people into the British navy
Jay's Treaty- Jay went to England, and signed treaty with British
Pickney's Treaty- treaty between Spain and U.S., allowed U.S. migration of Mississippi River and gave U.S. the disputed area north of Florida, did this in fear of British-American Alliance |
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Term
| washingtons farewell address........to convention 1800 |
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Definition
Washington's Farewell Address- set precedent for isolationism, strongly advised against permanent alliances, but advised for temporary alliances in emergencies
XYZ Affair- when John Marshall was sent to negotiate with Talleyrand, but he wasn't allowed to speak with him directly unless he paid $250,000; he refused
Charles Talleyrand- French foreign minister, landed in XYZ affair, epitomy of politician, his biggest mistake was not to get us on his side
John Marshall- part of the diplomatic commission that Washington sent to France to set up peaceful negotiations between France and America, regarded as a hero for not speaking with Tallayrand
"Millions for Defense but not one cent for tribute" - popular American slogan, refused to pay money to speak with Talleyrand
Charles Beard- historian, believed that everything that happened in U.S. History was based on economics
Napoleon I- emperor of Rance, he sold America the Louisiana terrirory, he also made a peace with the Americans because he didn't want them to help the British
Convention 1800- America sent envoyes to meet with Napoleon I, Napoleon wanted to rid himself of the American problem so he could concentrate on conquering Europe, he wanted a lasting peace with America |
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