Term
| Political Action Committee (PAC) |
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Definition
| A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations |
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| A meeting of persons belonging to a party, to nominate candidates for public office, or to select delegates to a nominating convention; a political primary meeting |
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| President vs. Congressional Campaigns (Chapter 10) |
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Definition
Presidential: larger, more voters, more competitive vs. Congressional: smaller, less voter turnout, candidates must appeal to a smarter audience, can do things for constituents, duck responsibility
(For more information read Chapter 10) |
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| Voting for candidates of different political parties in the same election say, voting for a Democrat for president and a Republican for senator |
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| The percentage of the voting population that actually votes, it is not very high, usually resting the high 60s and 70s |
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| A political organization that typically seeks to attain and maintain political power within government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns |
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| Advocate of the Republican party, favoring a conservative stance, limited central government, and a strong national defense |
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| Advocate of the Democratic party, which follows a liberal program, tending to promote a strong central government and expansive social programs |
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| Third Party (Green, Reform, etc.) |
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| A political party other than one of the two major parties (Democratic and Republican) |
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| A pact or treaty among individuals or groups, during which they cooperate in joint action, each in their own self-interest, joining forces together for a common cause |
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| Organization under section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code that raise/spend money to advance political causes |
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| Primary vs. General Elections (Chapter 10) |
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Definition
| An election held to choose party candidates for an elective office vs. An election held to choose which candidate will hold office |
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Definition
| A trend or process whereby a large portion of the electorate abandons its previous partisan affiliation, without developing a new one to replace it |
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| The coming to power for several decades of a new coalition, replacing an old dominant coalition of the other party as in 1896 when the GOP (Republicans) became dominant, or 1932 when the Democrats became dominant |
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| A centralized party organization that dominates local politics by controlling elections. |
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| Refers to contributions to political campaigns, committees and parties that are regulated by federal election law, limited in scope, and subject to public disclosure |
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| Funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities, such as get-out-the-vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate |
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Term
| Federal Election Commission |
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Definition
| An independent regulatory agency that was founded in 1975 by the United States Congress to regulate the campaign finance legislation in the United States |
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| Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusual shapes to favor one party |
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| Describes a situation in which one party controls the White House and another party controls one or both houses of the United States Congress |
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| Ideas of John Locke, Usually in Democratic Party (minorities, labor movements, unions, feminists, poor), Government should be responsible for assisting individuals business, and communities in dealing with social and economic problems; Government should ensure the economic well being of a nation and should provide basic materials guarantees (good, shelter, health care, and education) to every individual; Address needs of unemployment and farmers; Tolerance for different lifestyles; Government should stay out of social issues |
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Definition
| Holds the established customs, laws, and traditions should guide society, accept the welfare programs today, Usually belong to the Republican Party, Laissez Faire, people should work hard to be successful, involved government; Oppose: abortion, stem cell research, gun control, civil unions, same sex marriage |
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Term
| McGovern-Fraser Commission |
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Definition
| A commission created in response to the tumultuous 1968 Democratic National Convention; established open procedures and affirmative action guidelines for selecting delegates; the commission made it so that all delegate selection procedures were required to be open; party leaders could no longer handpick the convention delegates in secret |
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Definition
| A committee of a political party composed of party chairpersons and party officials from every state |
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Term
| National Nominating Conventions |
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Definition
| A convention held every four years by each of the major political parties to nominate a presidential candidate |
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Term
| Individual Expenditures/Contributions (Chapter 10) |
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Definition
| Spending by political action committees, corporations, or labor unions to help a party or candidate but done independently of them |
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Definition
| A list of the actions which a political party supports in order to appeal to the general public for the purpose of having said party's candidates voted into office (also known as a manifesto) |
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| A form of party system where two major political parties dominate voting in nearly all elections, at every level. As a result, all, or nearly all, elected offices end up being held by candidates endorsed by one of the two major parties |
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| Kinds of Campaign Issues (Chapter 10) |
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Definition
Position Issue: where rival candidates have opposing views on a question that divides the voters
Valence Issue: where voters are not divided on important issues, candidates fully support the public's views on the matter about which nearly everyone agrees |
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| An election that produces a sharp change in the existing pattern of party loyalties among groups of voters |
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Definition
| Event management is the application of project management to the creation and development of festivals, events and conferences |
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Definition
replace punchcard and lever-based voting systems;
create the Election Assistance Commission to assist in the administration of Federal elections; and
establish minimum election administration standards; mandates that all states and localities upgrade many aspects of their election procedures, including their voting machines, registration processes and poll worker training |
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| Federal Election Campaign of 1974 |
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Definition
| A United States federal law which increased disclosure of contributions for federal campaigns, and amended in 1974 to place legal limits on the campaign contributions, also created the Federal Election Commission (FEC) |
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Definition
| A primary election in which voting is limited to already registered party members |
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Definition
| A primary election in which voters may choose in which party to vote as they enter the polling place |
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Definition
| A primary in which the voter can vote for candidates of both parties |
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Definition
| When no candidate has the majority of the votes, this is a second primary is used to determine between the two candidates with the most (very common technique in the south) |
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Term
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Definition
| A requirement that citizens show that they can read before registering to vote (can be seen as a way to discriminate against who can vote) |
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Definition
| A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote (can be seen as a way to discriminate against who can vote) |
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Term
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Definition
| A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirement to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867, if your grandfather could vote then you could vote |
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| Forms of Political Participation |
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Definition
| Voting (most common), donating money/time, being a member of a political organization, assisting in the campaigns, etc. |
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Definition
| The person already holding an elective office |
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Definition
| Voting for a candidate because you favor his or her ideas for handling issues |
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| Voting for a candidate because you like his or her past actions in office |
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Term
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| The practice of keeping blacks from voting in the southern states' primaries through arbitrary use of registration requirement and intimidation |
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| The idea in the late 1800's that whites were the better race, caused the black voting level to shrink immensely |
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| A government printed ballot of uniform dimensions to be cast in secret that many states adopted around 1890 to reduce voting fraud associated with party printed ballots cast in public |
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| People who tend to participate in all forms of politics |
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| The alleged tendency of candidates to win more votes in an election because of the presence at the top of the ticket of a better-known candidate, such as the president |
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Definition
| Drawing boundaries of legislative districts so that they are unequal in population |
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Definition
| An increase in the votes congressional candidates usually get when they first run for reelection |
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| An issue about which the public is divided and rival candidates or political parties adopt different policy positions |
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| An issue about which the public is united and rival candidates or political parties adopt similar positions in hopes that each will be thought to best represent those widely shared beliefs |
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Term
| Local Government: Legislative Branch |
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Definition
| Mayor and City Council, make ordinances |
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Term
| Local Government: Judicial Branch |
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Definition
| City Courts and Magistrates (court systems) |
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| Local Government: Executive Branch |
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Definition
| The City Manager (in charge) |
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Term
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Definition
| Assists citizens, presides over city council meetings and votes on issues, initiates community wide action regarding important issues, sits on boards/committees of community organization, appoints city manager, attends ceremonies and events, issues proclamations/letters/awards, promotes city |
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Definition
| Enact ordinances, set policies, develops legislation, oversees budget (big job), capital improvement programs, holds weekly meetings, responds to constituents' concerns (big job) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Anyone may propose an ordinance
2. Proposal is considered in a "Study Session" by mayor and council
3. City attorney's staff draft an ordinance
4. Public hearing is scheduled
5. Final draft is put up for vote by City Council (simply majority is required)
*One can also resend an ordinance* |
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Term
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Definition
| Lock up cigarettes and grocery/convenience stores, and lock up paint at hardware stores |
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