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AP European History MidTerm
People to review for the Midterm exam from chapter 14 to chapter 25
17
History
11th Grade
02/13/2011

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Martin Luther

(1517)


Hints:

~ From the German State

~ Wrote 95 Theses; New Testament(German); On Christian Liberty

~ Of the Reformation Era

Definition

~ Preacher who founded the entire Protestant Reformation. He first questioned the selling of indulgences; later challenged relics, infallibility of the pope, hierarchy of believers, pluralism, transubstantiation, 5 of the sacraments and more.

~ Was excommunicated at the Diet of Worms. Translated New Testament to German so many more could read.

~ Followers founded Lutheran Church based on his reforms and beliefs that the Bible is the only authority and that salvation comes only from faith (not works).

~ Allowed clergy to marry.

Term

John Calvin

(1541)


Hints:

~ From Geneva, Switzerland

~ Wrote Institutes of Christian Religion; Genevan Catechism

~ Of the Reformation Era

Definition

~ Preacher who founded the Calvinist (also called Presbyterian, Reformed, Huguenot, and Puritan) faith. 

~ Most important idea was predestination. God chooses the saved/ fate is predetermined. Absolute power & sovereignty of God. God's will be done on Earth.

~ Geneva Consistory did not allow sinning or missing church. Very serious introspective people. Bible only authority.

Term

Henry VIII (Tudor)

(1539)


Hints:

~ From England

~ Wrote In Defense of the Seven Sacraments

~ Of the Reformation Era

Definition

~ A ruler; originally a strong supporter of Catholicism until Pope Clement VII denied his annulment to Catherine of Aragon. Enraged

~ Henry started his own faith - Church of England (Anglican) that had a Catholic look & theology but placed the monarch at the head instead of the pope.

~ Was a patron of the arts and was a strong king.

Term

Ignatius Loyola

(1540)


Hints:

~ From Spain

~ Wrote Spiritual Exercises

~ Of the Counter Reformation Era

Definition

~ A charismatic monk who led the charge against new Protestants. 


~ Instilled discipline and respect in Catholics.


~ Founded the strict Jesuit order to do good works (especially education) among the people. This brought many people back.

Term

Henry the Navigator

(1440)


Hints:

~ From Portugal

~ Of the Renaissance and Discovery Era

Definition

~ The ruler who launched the Age of Discovery with his academy of navigation (taught sailing, shipbuilding, and astronomy).


~ Sent explorers to West Africa in search of gold.

Term

Christopher Columbus

(1492)

 

Hints:

~ From Genoa (sailed for Spain)

~ Of the Renaissance and Discovery Era

Definition

~ The explorer who opened up Europe to the New World which forever linked the globe and the Americas to exploration and exploitation by Europe.

Term

Hernando Cortes

(1521)

 

Hints: 

~ From Spain

~ Of the Renaissance and Discovery Eroa.

Definition

~ Conquistador who discovered Mexico and conquered the native Aztecs (Chief Montezuma) with ugly brutality.

Term
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Definition
Term

Francisco Pizarro

 

 

Hints:

~ From Spain

~ Of the Renaissance and Discovery Era

Definition

~ A conquistador who discovered Peru and conquered the native Incas (Chief Atahualpa) with ugly brutality.

Term

Henry IV (Navarre)

(1589)

 

 

Hints:

~ From France

~ Wrote Edict of Nantes

~ Of the Age of Religious Wars

Definition

~ A Protestant ruler who ended the War of the Three Henrys (Wars of Religion) in France by converting to Catholicism ("Paris is worth a Mass")

 

~ Issued the Edict of Nantes, proclaiming toleration of Calvinists

Term

Phillip II

(1581)

 

 

Hints:

~ From Spain

~ Of the Age of Religious Wars Era

Definition

~ A strong ruler who built Spain into a powerhouse with New World gold and silver - the impact was enormous inflation.


~ Tried to assert power in Netherlands and was beat by Protestant William of Orange.

 

~Invaded England with Spanish Armada (1588) and lost.

 

~ Patron of the arts - built elaborate mansion El Escorial.

Term

Michel de Montaigne

(1555)

 

 

Hints:

~ From France

~ Wrote Essays

~ Of the Late Renaissance Era

Definition

~ An author who began the literature genre of the essay "know thyself."

 

~ Early skeptic - questioned basic beliefs (especially about religion) and in order to see issues from all sides

Term

William Shakespeare

(1603)

 

 

Hints:

~ From England

~ Wrote Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello etc.

~ Of the Late Renaissance Era

Definition

~ Greatest playwright of all time. Tapped and explored the human psyche'. Most beloved are his trajedies.

 

~ Most performed playwright of all time.

 

Term

Peter Paul Rubens

(1638)

 

 

Hints:

~ From Belgium

~ Wrote The Horrors of War

~ Of the Baroque Era

Definition

~ The leading baroque  artist that continued and further emphasized the emotion of the Renaissance.

 

~ Painting's have energy and passion, and glorified God.

 

~ Nude women (saints, nymphs)  were famous for their fleshy, sensous depiction.

Term

Johann Sebastian Bach

(1700)

 

 

Hints:

~ From the German States

~ Wrote  Fugues & Symphonies

~ Of the Baroque Era

Definition

~ A composer who led the baroque movement with dynamic, soaring lines of symphonic music. Greatest writer of organ music ever.

 

~ Embodied baroque spirit of invention, tension, and emotion.

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