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| Invention of printing press |
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| Columbus encounters America; completion of reconquista in Spain |
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| Act of supremacy in England creates Anglican Church |
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| Calvin establishes reformed faith in Geneva |
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| Peace of Augsburg ends religious war in Germany; Charles V abdicates |
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| Edict of Nantes ends French religious wars |
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| Stuart monarchy begins in England |
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| Peace of Westphalia ends Thirty Years' War |
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| Charles I executed in England |
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| Newton publishes Principia Mathematica |
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| Glorious Revolution; Peter the Great's reign begins in Russia |
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| Peace of Utrecht; death of Louis XIV |
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| Treaty Paris ends Seven Years' War |
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| American Revolution; Smith publishes Wealth of Nations |
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| Napoleon comes to power in France |
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| Abdication of Napoleon; congress of Vienna |
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| Revolution in France; Belgian and Greek independence |
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| Revolution of 1848; Marx and Engels publish Communist Manifesto |
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| Italy unified; Russian serfs emancipated |
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| Unification of Germany; Paris Commune and Third Republic in France |
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| Berlin Conference over imperialism in Africa |
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| Fascists and Mussolini come to power in Italy |
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| Hitler comes to power in Germany |
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| Munich Conference-height of appeasement |
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| World War II ends; United Nations founded |
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| European coal and Steel Community (ECSC) formed |
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| Khrushchev's de-Stalinization speech; Hungary revolt |
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| Treaty of Rome creates European Economic Community (EEC);Sputnik launched |
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| Fifth republic in France under DeGaulle |
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| Student revolts; Czech "Prague Spring" revolt |
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| Helsinki Accords- height of detente |
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| Solidarity founded in Poland |
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| Gorbachev comes to power in Soviet Union |
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| Berlin Wall falls and collapse of communism |
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| Break-up of Soviet Union; Balkan conflicts begin in former Yugoslavia |
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