Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP European History- Chapter 19: The French Revolution
AP Euro Chapter 19- The French Revolution
68
History
10th Grade
12/04/2011

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
George II of Britain
Definition
Fought with Parliament and lost colonies of NA
Term
Fredrick II of Prussia
Definition
Succeeded with program of reform by accepting aristocratic influence
Term
Catherine II of Russia
Definition
Came to terms with Russia's nobility
Term
Joseph II of Austria
Definition
Left domains in trouble
Term
Louis XV and Louis XVI
Definition
Lacked character and resolution to end dispute; corruption of monarchy could not get French public on its side; lied
Term
Rene Maupeaou
Definition
Chacellor; determined to break parlements and increase nobility tax; abolished parls and exiled members; admin more efficient; failure b/c death of Louis XV
Term
Jacques Necker
Definition
Swiss banker; director general of finances; suggested situation not bad and removal from American war would create a surplus
Term
Charles Alexandre de Calonne
Definition
Minister of finance; proposed internal trade to lower taxes (like the gabelle on salt)
Term
Assembly of Nobles
Definition
Drawn from upper ranks; refused action; wanted to have a bigger share of government; called for Necker and disliked new taxes
Term
Etienne Charles Lomenie de Brienne
Definition
Replaced Calonne; archbishop of Toulous and chief opponent of Calonne at Assebly of Notables sought to reform land tax but Parliament of Paris took new position and couldn't change anything; appealed to Assembly of the Clergy
Term
Estates General
Definition
French parliament; Called by the Monarch; distrust arose between them and monarchy
Term
Third Republic
Definition
Concluded the longer-term political reorganization of France
Term
Third Estate
Definition
Part of the Estates General; everyone else in the kingdom
Term
Abbe Sieyes
Definition
Published pamphlet in 1789 on third estates reps; "What is the Third Estate?"
Term
Cahiers de Doleances
Definition
List of grievances registered by local electors for king; wanted better taxes and periodic meetings of estates general
Term
National Assembly
Definition
Third Estate invited clergy and nobles to help organize a new legislative body
Term
Tennis Court Oath
Definition
The National Assembly stayed inside a tennis court until they made a new constitution
Term
National Constitute Assembly
Definition
Members from all 3 orders who shared liberal goals for France
Term
Queen Marie Antionette
Definition
Wife of Louis XIV; hated and later killed by French public
Term
National Guard
Definition
Militia of Paris; offered command to Marquis
Term
Marquis de Lafayette
Definition
Hero of American Rev gave guard red and blue striped of Paris separated by white of king; became cockade(badge) of revolutionary France
Term
Journees
Definition
Started by Bastille; days which populace of Paris redirected the course of the rev; fall of fortress signaled the NCA couldn't do it alone
Term
"Great Fear"
Definition
Rumors that royal troops were going to be sent into rural districts; peasants burned of chateaux and refusal to pay feudal dues
Term
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
Definition
Issued by NCA; drew on political language of Enlightenment and influenced by Declaration of Rights; adopted by Virginia in America; "men are born and remain free and equal in rights"; death certificate of Old Regime; applied to men not women
Term
Natural Rights
Definition
Liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression
Term
The Constitution of 1791
Definition
NCA; established a constitutional monarchy; Legislative Assembly for laws; king allowed to veto
Term
Olympe de Gouges
Definition
Butchers daughter and rev radical; composed Declaration of the Rights of Women
Term
Declaration of the Rights of Women
Definition
Reprinted Declaration on Man and Citizen and added women; demanded that women be regarded as citizens; own property and equality in marriages
Term
Departments
Definition
Replaced provinces that were named after nature; subdivided into districts and local elections indirect; permanent achievement
Term
Chapelier Law
Definition
Forbade workers associations
Term
Assignats
Definition
Government bonds; authorized by assembly and value guaranteed by revenue to be generated from the sale of church property; inflation and penalized the poor; a failure
Term
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Definition
Turned the RCC into a secular state; reduced bishoprics from 135 to 83 and brought conformed borders; provided for election of priests as employees of the state
Term
Emigres
Definition
Settled in countries near French border to create a counterrevolution
Term
Count of Artois
Definition
Caused Louis XVI to flee
Term
Emperor Leopold II of Austria and Fredrick William II King of Prussia
Definition
Promised to intervene in France to protect royal family and preserve monarchy if rest of Europe agreed; rejected by Great Britain
Term
Legislative Assembly
Definition
Factionalists
Term
Jacobins
Definition
Dominican friars and met in a Dominican monastery in Paris; established a network of local clubs and were the most advanced political group in the NCA; radical thought from Enlightenment; politics replaced old one
Term
Girondists
Definition
Jacobins; assumed leadership; determined to oppose couterrevolution; caused emigres to return and clergy to support the Civil Constitution
Term
Francis II
Definition
Governed girondists that declared war on Austria; allied to Prussia; believed the war would preserve rev from domestic enemies and bring advanced revs to power
Term
Second Revolution
Definition
Overthrew the constitutional monarchy and established a republic; dangerous
Term
Pauline Leon
Definition
Led a group of women to petition the LA for the right to bear arms; tried for National Guard; showed rev changing tradition
Term
Duke of Brunswick
Definition
Commander of Prussian forces; issued a manifesto promising destruction of Paris if French royal family harmed; caused even more distrust of Louis (king)
Term
September Massacres
Definition
Paris Commune executed 1,200 people in city jails and assumed they were counterrevolutionists
Term
Convention
Definition
Body;met in 1792 to write a democratic constitution; declared France a republic
Term
Republic
Definition
Nation governed by an elected assembly without a monarch
Term
Battle of Valmy
Definition
French army halted Prussian advance; victory of democrats
Term
Sans-Culottes
Definition
"without breeches"; shopkeepers, artisans and factory workers with troubled lives; required labor for war; wanted relief from food shortages and believed all people had a right to subsistence; hostile to the nobles and hated inequality
Term
Mountain
Definition
Jacobins part of Parisian sans trying to overthrow monarchy and carried rev to win way; favored an unregulated economy
Term
General Dumouriez
Definition
Victor of Valmy; deserted to enemy
Term
Edmund Burke
Definition
Irish-born writer and British statesman; argued diff position in Reflections of the Rev in France; reconstruction of French admin= blind rationalism; saw future turmoil as people without political experience tried to govern France
Term
William Pitt the Younger
Definition
Great Britain's Prime minister; turned against reform and popular movements; suppressed London Corresponding Society (working class reformers)
Term
Birmingham
Definition
Government sponsored a mob to drive Joseph Priestley, a famous chemist and radical, out of country
Term
First Coalition
Definition
Attempted to protect social structures; Jacobins
Term
Reign of Terror
Definition
Govt mobilization caused thousands to be arrested and executed from all social classes; from rev
Term
Committee of General Security and Committee of Public Safety
Definition
Established by convention for govt; lead by Jacques Danton, Robespierre, and Carnot; saved rev from enemies and worked with sans
Term
Levee en madde
Definition
Military requisition on entire population; conscripted males into army and directed economic production of military
Term
Republic of Virtue
Definition
Civic virtue; sacrifice of oneself for good of republic; upheld public over private good
Term
Maximilien de Robespierre
Definition
Embodied virtue; emerged as lead in CPS; selfless and favored a republic of Jacobins; wholehearted support of republican govt and renunciation of selfish gains; supported policies of terror
Term
Society of Revolutionary Republican Women
Definition
Founded by Pauline Leon and Claire Lacombe
Term
Enrage
Definition
Extreme sans-culotte leaders; executed
Term
Law of 22 Prairal
Definition
Permitted rev tribunal to convict suspects without evidence
Term
Cult of the Supreme Being
Definition
Abolished reason by Robespierre; reflected civic religion inducing morality
Term
Ninth of Thermidor
Definition
Members of the Convention shouted Robespierre during a speech and had him executed; Jacobins feared him and sans hated him
Term
Thermidorian Reaction
Definition
1794; consisted of deconstruction of machinery of terror and new constitutional regime; result of over-radicalization and weariness of sans and terror
Term
The White Terror
Definition
People involved in Reign of Terror attacked; Jacobins executed and Convention approved of trials; gangs of youths roamed the streets and "bands of Jesus" murdered prisoners
Term
Constitution of the Year III
Definition
Replaced which reflected Therm determination to reject monarchy and democracy; provided upper and lower councils
Term
Thermidor
Definition
Political reaction; political structure and society on rank gave way to civic equality and status based on property
Term
Bourgeoisie
Definition
Middle class; property won by wealth from commerce and land; peasants emerged as landowners without tax
Supporting users have an ad free experience!