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AP European History Chapter 18 Vocabulary
Chapter 18 Vocabulary
27
History
12th Grade
11/20/2009

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Term
Louis XV
Definition
King of France from 1715 to 1774, whose ineffectual rule contributed to the decline of royal authority that led to the outbreak of The Revolution in 1789.
Term
Catherine the Great
Definition
Empress of Russia from 1762-1796. She expanded Russia's borders to the Black Sea and into Central Europe. Promoted westernization, modernization, education, and the Enlightenment among the nobles.
Term
Frederick William I
Definition
King of Prussia from 1713-1740. Transformed his country from a second-rate power into an efficient and prosperous state.
Term

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Definition
Term
The Bank of England
Definition
Founded in 1694 to act as the Government's banker and debt-manager.
Term
Treaty of Paris
Definition
Often called the Peace of Paris or the Treaty of 1763 was signed on February 10, 1763 by Great Britain, France, Spain and Portugal. Ended the Seven Years' War. Treaty marked the begginning of British dominance outside of Europe.
Term
primogeniture
Definition
The common law right of the first-born son to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings.
Term
Sisters of Charity
Definition
in the Roman Catholic Church, name of many independent communities of women. They are active in parochial schools, hospitals, orphanges, and colleges.
Term
Order of St. Vincent de Paul
Definition
Term
Louis XVI
Definition
Last King of France (1774-1792) in the lne of Bourbon monarchs preceding the French Revolution of 1789. The monarchy was abolished on September 21, 1792; later Louis and his queen consort, Marie Antoinette, were guillotined on charges of counterrevolution.
Term
Junkers
Definition
A member of the landed nobility of Prussia and eastern Germany.
Term
Joseph II of Austria
Definition
Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780-1790. First son of Maria Theresa and Francis Stephen.
Term
Emelyan Pugachev
Definition
He claimed to be Emperor Peter III, having escaped Catherine's plot to kill him. He declared the serfs free and the elimination of officials and officers. Helped by the war with the Ottomans, Pugachev was initially successful in gaining support and territory. However, he was defeated in 1774, fled to the Urals, and was handed over to the government by his own forces. He was then tortured and executed.
Term
The Seven Years' War
Definition
A major military conflict that lasted from 1754 to 1756. Involved all the major European powers at the time. Sometimes reffered to as the "First World War."
Term
Jethro Tull
Definition
An English agricultural pioneer who helped bring about the British Agricultural Revolution.
Term
Atlantic Slave Trade
Definition
Also known as the Transatlantic slave trade, was the trading, primarily of African people, to the colonies of the New World. Lasted from the 16th Century to the 18th Century.
Term
Emile
Definition
a didactic novel (1762) by Jean Jacques Rousseau, dealing principally with the author's theories of education.
Term
Hanoverians
Definition
A Germanic royal dynasty which has ruled
Term
Robert Walpole
Definition
A British statesman who is generally regarded as having been the first Prime Minister of Great Britain.
Term
General Directory
Definition
Term
natural rights
Definition
Rights which are not contigent upon laws, customs, or beliefs of a particular soceity or polity.
Term
"balance of power"
Definition
a distribution of power among several states such that no single nation can dominate or interfere with the interests of another.
Term
infanticide
Definition
Practice of someone intentionally killing an infant.
Term
cottage industry
Definition
An industry where the creation of products and services is home-based, rather than factory-based.
Term
The Grand Tour
Definition
The traditional travel of Europe undertaken by mainly upper-class European young men of means. The custom flourished from 1660 until the advent large-scale rail transit in the 1840s.
Term
John Law
Definition
Was a Scottish economist who believed that money was only a means of exchange that did not constitute wealth itself and that national wealth depended on trade. He was responsible for the Mississippi Bubble and a chaotic economic collapse in France.
Term
The War of Austrian Succession
Definition
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