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| King of France from 1715 to 1774, whose ineffectual rule contributed to the decline of royal authority that led to the outbreak of The Revolution in 1789. |
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| Empress of Russia from 1762-1796. She expanded Russia's borders to the Black Sea and into Central Europe. Promoted westernization, modernization, education, and the Enlightenment among the nobles. |
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| King of Prussia from 1713-1740. Transformed his country from a second-rate power into an efficient and prosperous state. |
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| Founded in 1694 to act as the Government's banker and debt-manager. |
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| Often called the Peace of Paris or the Treaty of 1763 was signed on February 10, 1763 by Great Britain, France, Spain and Portugal. Ended the Seven Years' War. Treaty marked the begginning of British dominance outside of Europe. |
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| The common law right of the first-born son to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings. |
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| in the Roman Catholic Church, name of many independent communities of women. They are active in parochial schools, hospitals, orphanges, and colleges. |
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| Order of St. Vincent de Paul |
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| Last King of France (1774-1792) in the lne of Bourbon monarchs preceding the French Revolution of 1789. The monarchy was abolished on September 21, 1792; later Louis and his queen consort, Marie Antoinette, were guillotined on charges of counterrevolution. |
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| A member of the landed nobility of Prussia and eastern Germany. |
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| Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780-1790. First son of Maria Theresa and Francis Stephen. |
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| He claimed to be Emperor Peter III, having escaped Catherine's plot to kill him. He declared the serfs free and the elimination of officials and officers. Helped by the war with the Ottomans, Pugachev was initially successful in gaining support and territory. However, he was defeated in 1774, fled to the Urals, and was handed over to the government by his own forces. He was then tortured and executed. |
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| A major military conflict that lasted from 1754 to 1756. Involved all the major European powers at the time. Sometimes reffered to as the "First World War." |
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| An English agricultural pioneer who helped bring about the British Agricultural Revolution. |
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| Also known as the Transatlantic slave trade, was the trading, primarily of African people, to the colonies of the New World. Lasted from the 16th Century to the 18th Century. |
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| a didactic novel (1762) by Jean Jacques Rousseau, dealing principally with the author's theories of education. |
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| A Germanic royal dynasty which has ruled |
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| A British statesman who is generally regarded as having been the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. |
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| Rights which are not contigent upon laws, customs, or beliefs of a particular soceity or polity. |
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| a distribution of power among several states such that no single nation can dominate or interfere with the interests of another. |
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| Practice of someone intentionally killing an infant. |
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| An industry where the creation of products and services is home-based, rather than factory-based. |
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| The traditional travel of Europe undertaken by mainly upper-class European young men of means. The custom flourished from 1660 until the advent large-scale rail transit in the 1840s. |
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| Was a Scottish economist who believed that money was only a means of exchange that did not constitute wealth itself and that national wealth depended on trade. He was responsible for the Mississippi Bubble and a chaotic economic collapse in France. |
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| The War of Austrian Succession |
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