-ACCOMPLISHED HUMANIST SCHOLAR

-NOTED ARCHITECT AND BUILDER IN FLORENCE

LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI

THESE TWO ADOPTED THE VERNACULAR & MADE CONTEMPORARY HISTORY THEIR PRIMARY SOURCE AND SUBJECT MATTER

NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI

AND

FRANCESCO GUCCIADINI

THE BLACK DEATH INCREASED THE DEMAND FOR

                      ?

SLAVES

WHO WERE THE WORST TREATED SLAVES?

TATARS AND AFRICANS

TREATY OF LODI ENDS WHEN...

NAPLES PREPARES TO ATTACK MILAN

BORGIA POPE ALEXANDER VI AND FLORENCE SUPPORT WHO? (NAPLES OR MILAN)

NAPLES

WHICH DESPOT CALLS FOR HELP FROM THE FRENCH?

LUDOVICO IL MORO

CHARLES VIII WAS THE SUCCESSOR TO IN FRANCE?

LOUIS XI

CHARLES VIII OR LOUIS XI?

..RESPONDED TO IL MORO'S CALL

CHARLES VIII

PIERO DE MEDICI OF FLORENCE

TRIED TO BRIBE FRENCH WITH LAND (PISA AND OTHER FLORENTINE POSSESIONS)

ENDS UP EXILED BY HIS OWN PEOPLE WHO ARE REVOLUTIONIZED BY A CRAZY DOMINICAN

 -RADICAL DOMINICAN PREACHER

- TOLD THE FLORENTINES THAT THE FRENCH KING'S ARRIVAL HAD BEEN LONG DELAYED & HE CAME BECAUSE THEY WERE SINNERS

GIROLAMO SAVANAROLA

WHO STARTED THE LEAGUE OF VENICE?

& WHY?

FERDINAND OF ARAGON

-HE FELT THREATENED BY A POSSIBLE ITALIAN-FRENCH AXIS, CREATES COUNTERALLIANCE

THE MEMBERS INCLUDED...

(OF THE LEAGUE OF VENICE)

VENICE, THE PAPAL STATES,

EMPEROR MAXIMILIAN I,

AND LATER

MILAN BECAUSE IL MORO FEELS THREATENED

FRENCH RETURN AGAIN TO ITALY UNDER...

LOUIS XII WHO IS ASSISTED BY A NEW ITALIAN ALLY, THE BORGIA POPE ALEXANDER VI

THIS ALLY OF THE PAPAL STATES THROUGH THE LEAGUE OF VENICE BEGINS TO CONTEST THE PAPAL STATES FOR THEIR LOYALTY

VENICE

LOUIS XII TAKES STEPS TO SECURE THE FRENCH FAVOR...

1) ANNULLS LOUIS XII'S MARRIAGE TO CHARLES VIII'S SISTER SO THAT LOUIS XII CAN MARRY CHARLES VIII'S WIDOW - ANNE OF BRITTANY

LOUIS XII'S MARRIAGE TO ANNE OF BRITTANY IS A MOVE THAT...

KEEPS BRITTANY FRENCH

ALEXANDER IV BESTOWED A CARDINALS HAT ON...

(ANOTHER STEP TO SECURE FRENCH FAVOR)

ARCHBISHOP OF ROUEN, LOUIS'S FAVORITE CLERIC

ALEXANDER IV'S MOST IMPORTANT MOVE TO KEEP FRENCH FAVOR

THE WITHDRAWAL OF THE PAPAL STATES FROM THE LEAGUE OF VENICE

-MADE LEAGUE TOO WEAK TO RESIST FRENCH RECONQUEST OF MILAN

BECOMES "DUKE OF ROMAGNA"

CESARE BORGIA

CESARE MARRIES THE SISTER OF THE KING OF NEVARRE (WHO IS)

CHARLOTTE DE ALBRET

(INCREASES BORGIA MILITARY STRENGTH)

WHO IS CARDINAL GIULIANO DELLA ROVERE?

POPE JULIUS II

POPE JULIUS THE II OPPOSES....AND SUCCEEDS...

-STRONG OPPOSITION TO BORGIA FAMILY

- SUCCEEDS ALEXANDER VI AS POPE

(PLACES ROMANGA UNDER PAPAL JURISDICTION)

"JULIUS EXCLUDED FROM HEAVEN"

*SATIRE

-ERASMUS

-INSPIRED BY WITNESS OF BULL FIGHT IN ROME AT PAPAL PALACE

JULIUS RIDS ROMANGNA OF VENETIANS, THEN LOOKS TO RIDE ITALY OF HIS FORMER ALLY...WHO IS?

THE FRENCH

-HOLY LEAGUE IS FORMED-

THE HOLY LEAGUE (1511)

-JULIUS II

-FERDINAND OF ARAGON

-VENICE

-

-EMPEROR MAXIMILIAN I

-SWISS

1513

FRENCH ARE DEFEATED BY           AT                    .

SWISS AT NOVARA

FRENCH INVADE ITALY A THIRD TIME UNDER LOUIS'S SUCCESSOR...WHO IS?

FRANCIS I

FRENCH MASSACRE           AT                                   

1515

SWISS

AT

MARIGNANO

FRENCH VICTORY OVER SWISS AT MARIGNANO IN 1515 LEADS TO THIS AGREEMENT

CONCORDAT OF BOLOGNA- 1516

CONCORDAT OF BOLOGNA HELPS TO

KEEP FRANCE CATHOLIC AFTER PROTESTANT REFORMATION

MACHIAVELLI'S HERO?

CESARE BORGIA

MACHIAVELLI HOPED TO SEE A STRONG LEAD EMERGE FROM THIS FAMILY

MEDICI

GABELLE

TAX ON SALT IN FRANCE

ALCABALA

10 PERCENT SALES TAX IN SPAIN ON COMM TRANSACTIONS