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Martin Luther
Disagreements with the Catholic Church
1517
Germany
The 95 Theses on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences, was written by Martin Luther and is widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. |
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King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
An act, Law
1534
England
The Act validated the marriage of Henry and Anne, declared their offspring heirs to the throne, and effectively excluded Mary from the succession. |
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King Henry VIII
Grants royal supremacy
1534
England
The first Act of Supremacy granted King Henry VIII of England Royal Supremacy. It is still the legal authority of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. Royal Supremacy is specifically used to describe the legal sovereignty of the civil laws over the laws of the Church in England. |
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Anabaptists-Protestants
Protestant movement partakers- Christians
16th century
Switzerland
It was people of a Protestant movement in the 16th century that believed in the primacy of the Bible, baptised only believers, not infants, and believed in complete separation of church and state. |
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Anglicans
Denomination
1698-
England
It is the national church of England (and all other churches in other countries that share its beliefs); has its see in Canterbury and the sovereign as its temporal head. |
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Term
| Babylonian Captivity/ Avignon Papacy |
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Pope, French Crown
Period of time
1309-1378
France
It was a period during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon, in France, rather than in Rome. This situation arose from the conflict between the Papacy and the French crown. |
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Boleyn, Anne
Queen
1507-1536
England
She was the second wife of Henry VIII and mother of Elizabeth I; was executed on a charge of adultery. |
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Calvin, John
Swiss theologian
1509-1564
France
He created the beliefs (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism. |
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Catherine of Aragon
First wife of Henry VIII. youngest daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Castile, Mother of Mary I
1485–1536
England
Henry's wish to annul his marriage to Catherine (due to her failure to produce a male heir) led eventually to England's break with the Roman Catholic Church. |
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| Catholic/Counter Reformation |
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Catholics
Reformation-Catholic revival
1545–1563
Begins in Italy, spreads in Europe
It was the period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War , which is sometimes considered a response to the Protestant Reformation. The Counter-Reformation was a comprehensive effort composed of Ecclesiastical or structural reconfiguration, religious orders, spiritual movements, and political dimensions. |
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| Charles I of Spain/Emperor Charles V |
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Charles I of Spain/Emperor Charles V
Ruler, Emperor, King
1500-1558
Spain
He was the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I as Holy Roman Emperor and his son Philip II as King of Spain in 1556. |
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Italians, Anti-Protestants
Councilors
1545-1563
Trento, Italy
It was a council of the Roman Catholic Church convened in Trento in three sessions to examine and condemn the teachings of Martin Luther and other Protestant reformers; redefined the Roman Catholic doctrine and abolished various ecclesiastical abuses and strengthened the papacy. |
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Charles V and Marin Luther
Meeting
1521
Spain
A meeting of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V's imperial diet at Worms, at which Martin Luther was summoned to appear. Luther committed himself there to the cause of Protestant reform, and his teaching was formally condemned in the Edict of Worms. |
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Egalitarianists
Doctrines following Egalitarianism, Social Philosophy
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England
It is of, relating to, or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities. |
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| Choose (someone) to hold public office or some other position by voting |
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| English Calvinists(Puritans/Pilgrims/Separatists) |
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English-John Calvin Calvinists(Puritans/Pilgrims/Separatists)
1519
France
It was the theological system of John Calvin and his followers emphasizing omnipotence of God and salvation by grace alone. |
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Definition
| It is the act of banishing a member of a church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the church; cutting a person off from a religious society. |
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| Frederick the Wise of Saxony |
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Definition
Frederick the Wise of Saxony
Elector of Saxony
1463-1525
Germany
He is notable as being one of the most powerful early defenders of Martin Luther,Lutheranism and the Protestant Reformation, even though staying a Roman Catholic for all of his life. |
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German Peasants
An uprising
1524–1525
Germany
It was was a widespread popular revolt against the government. It failed because of the intense opposition of the aristocracy, who slaughtered up to 100,000 of the 300,000 poorly armed peasants and farmers. |
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Eastern and Western Mediterranean Christians
A breach in E and W Churches
1378–1417
Rome, Greece
It formally divided medieval Christianity into Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) branches, which later became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. |
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Henry VIII
Son of Henry VII, King of England
1509-1547
England
Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon resulted in his break with the Catholic Church and his excommunication, leading to the start of the Reformation in England. |
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Central Europeans
Empire, Union
962-1806
Rome
It was a multi-ethnic and complex union of territories in Central Europe. |
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Huguenots
French Calvinist
16th-17th century
France
It was a French Calvinist of the 16th or 17th centuries. |
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Huss, John
Religious reformer
1372-1415
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakian religious reformer who anticipated the Reformation; he questioned the infallibility of the Catholic Church was excommunicated for attacking the corruption of the clergy; he was burned at the stake. |
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Ignatius Loyola
Saint, King
1491-1556
Spain
He was a Spanish knight from a Basque noble family, hermit, priest since 1537, and theologian, who founded the Society of Jesus and was its first Superior General. |
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| Index of Prohibited Books |
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Definition
Pope Paul IV
Pope, Authors
1600-1966
It was a list of publications prohibited by the Catholic Church. The final (20th) edition appeared in 1948, and it was formally abolished on 14 June 1966 by Pope Paul VI. |
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Poor English folk
A grant for salvation to make money for the church
Middle Ages/Dark Ages
England
A grant by the pope of remission of the temporal punishment in purgatory still due for sins after absolution. The unrestricted sale of indulgences by pardoners was a widespread abuse during the later Middle Ages. |
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Jesuits, Ignatius Loyola
The Society of Jesus
1534-
Spain
They were followers of a Roman Catholic teaching order founded by St. Ignatius Loyola. The express purpose of the Jesuits was to fight heresy within the Church (they played a leading role in the Counter Reformation), and to spread the faith through missionary work. |
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Christians
Theological Doctrine, Sola fide
Advocated by Luther in 1510,
Germany
It is a Christian theological doctrine that distinguishes most Protestant denominations from Catholicism, Eastern Christianity and some in the Restoration Movement. |
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| They are a collection of members who are not a part of the clergy, whether they are or are not members of religious institutes, for example a nun or lay brother. |
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Luther, Martin
The 95 Thesis
1483-1546
Germany
German theologian who led the Reformation; believed that salvation is granted on the basis of faith rather than deeds. |
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Pope
Letter from the Pope
12th-14th century
Rome
It is a particular type of letters patent or charter issued by a Pope of the Catholic Church. |
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Charles V, Schmalkaldic League
Peace treaty
September 25, 1555
Germany
The Peace of Augsburg was a treaty between Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League, an alliance of Lutheran princes at the imperial city of Augsburg, now in present-day Bavaria, Germany. |
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Calvin, John
Calvinism
1519-
Germany
The divine foreordaining of all that will happen, esp. with regard to the salvation of some and not others. It has been particularly associated with the teachings of St. Augustine of Hippo and of Calvin. |
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Presbyterians
Combination of Church and State
England
16th century
They are followers of a churches that have a generic name in various parts of the world who trace their roots to the protestant Reformation. They accept a form of church government in which crucial decisions are made by elders. |
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Christians
Christian Doctrine
1520
German
The universal priesthood or the priesthood of all believers, as it would come to be known in the present day, is a Christian doctrine believed to be derived from several passages of the New Testament. It was first introduced by Luther. |
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| It is a place or state of suffering inhabited by the souls of sinners who are expiating their sins before going to heaven. |
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Lutheran princes
Source of political allegiance
Mid-16th century
Central Europe
It was a defensive alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire. Although originally started for religious motives soon after the start of the Protestant Reformation, its members eventually intended for the League to replace the Holy Roman Empire as their source of political allegiance. |
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Tetzel, Johann
Catholic preacher
1465-1519
Germany
He was a Dominican preacher accused of selling indulgences and for a couplet attributed to him, "As soon as a coin in the coffer rings / the soul from purgatory springs." |
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| It is the conversion of the substance of the Eucharistic elements into the body and blood of Christ at consecration, only the appearances of bread and wine still remaining |
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Wycliffe, John
Theologian
1328-1384
England
English theologian whose objections to Roman Catholic doctrine anticipated the Protestant Reformation. |
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Zwingli, Ulrich
Religious reformer
1484–1531
Sweden
He was a Swiss religious reformer, the principal figure of the Swiss Reformation. He rejected papal authority and many orthodox doctrines and, although he had strong local support in Zurich, his ideas met with fierce resistance in some regions. Zwingli was killed in the civil war that resulted from his reforms |
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