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AP EURO- CH. 12
Age of Religious wars
40
History
12th Grade
01/24/2009

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Counter-Reformation
Definition
sponsored a centralized episcopal church system, hierarchically arraged from pope to priest, that stressed absolute obedience to the person at the top
Term

Politiques

Definition

rulers who urged tolerance, moderation, and compromise, in favor of political unity rather than religious unity

  • Elizabeth I

 

Term

Baroque

Definition
art that is defined by its grand, ornate style
Term

Huguenots

Definition
French Protestants who underwent severe persecution in France
Term
Guise Family
Definition
the strongest and most powerful family in France who sought to control the monarchy and convert France to Catholicism
Term

Catherine De Medicis

Definition

Mother and regent of King Charles IX. She sought to preserve the monarchy and was a politique

Term
January Edict 1562
Definition
a measure that granted Protestants freedom to worship publicly outside towns-although only privately within them- and to hold synods
Term
Edict of Fontainebleau of 1540
Definition
subjected French Protestants to the Inquisition
Term
Henry II
Definition
French King who was killed during a tournament help to celebrate the marriage of his 133 yr old daughter to Phillip II. This brought is son, Francis II to power under the regency of Catherine de Medicis
Term
Coligny
Definition
became the Huguenot military strategist after Conde's death
Term

The Peace of Saint Germain en Laye (1570_

Definition
ended the third French war of religion and granted Huguenots religious freedoms within their own territorys and the right to fortify their cities
Term

Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Definition
on August 24, 1572, Coligny and 3000 fellowHuguenots were butchered in Paris. Within 3 days an estimated 20,000 Huguenots were executed in coordinated attacks throughout France.
Term
Henry IV (Navarre)
Definition
Married Marguerite of Valios and came into power after Henry III's death. He was a politique, saying "Paris is worth a mass".
Term

The Edict of Nantes

April 13, 2598

Definition

Hernry IV proclaimed a formal religious settlement which confirmed catholicism as the official religion of France, but granted Huguenots:

  • freedom of public worship
  •  the right of assembly
  • admission to public office and universities
  • and permission to maintain fortified towns.
Term
Philip II of Spain
Definition
heir to the intensely Catholic and militarily supreme western Hapsburg kingdom. He managed to erase the debts left by his father and to finace foreign adventures.
Term

Escorial

Definition

a combination Palace, church, tom, and monastary outside of Madrid

Term
Don Carlos
Definition
Philip II's mad and treacherous son who died under suspicious circumstances in 1568. Some suspect that Philip had him quietly executed
Term

Battle of Lepanto

Definition

Don Juan's fleet engages the Ottoman navy at this battle place, and sinks/captures 1/3 of the Turkish Fleet. 30,000 turks die

Term

Don Juan (John)

Definition
Philip's half brother who formed a Holy League with Spain, Venice and the pope to check Turkish belligerence in the Mediterranean.
Term

Cardinal Granvelle

Definition
lieutenant of the council with helped rule the Netherlands in Philip's absence. He hoped to check Protestant gains with interal church reforms. He wanted a religiously uniform country.
Term
William the Silent (of Orange)
Definition
placed the political autonomy and well being of the Netherlands above religion. He went through Catholic, Lutheran and Calvinist stages personally. He was considered an outlaw when Spain gained control of the Netherlands, and became a leader of the movement for the independence of the Netherlands. He was stadholder of Utrecht.
Term
Duke of Alba
Definition

hired to suppress the calvinist revolt in the Netherlands. His army of 100,000 marched through the countryside, crushing the riots, and established a special tribunal, the Council of Troubles, to rule over the land

Term

tenth penny tax

Definition
spanish levie dnew taxes, forcing the netherlands to pay for the supression of its own revolt. This tax was a 10% sales tax
Term

Sea Beggers

Definition

an international group of anti-spanish exiles and criminals who helped William the Silent capture Brill and other sea ports in Zeeland and Holland to spark rebellions against Alba

Term
The Pacification of Ghent
Definition
Term

The Compromise

Definition
national covenant drawn up that pledged to resist the decrees of Trent and the Inquisition again Protestants in the Netherlands.
Term

Stadholder

Definition
Will the Silent - Governor
Term
Perpetual Edict
Definition
provided for the removal of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands within 20 days
Term

Union of Utrecht

Definition
Formally declares the Netherlands are independent from Philip II of Spain
Term
Mary I of England
Definition
catholic queen of England who was the enemy of Protestants in England. She entered a highly unpopular marraige with Philip II of Spain, and pursued a Catholic England
Term

Marian Exiles

Definition

protestants who fled England during Mary I's reign for Germany or Switzerland

Term
Elizabeth I
Definition

Mary's successor, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She was a politique who regarded political unity above religious unity

Term
1559 Act of Supremacy
Definition
repeals all anti-protestant legistlation from Mary, and makes Elizabeth supreme governor over spiritual and temporal affaris. It also mandates a revised verions of the Book of Common Prayer for every English parish
Term

1593 Conventicle Act

Definition
gives separatists the option of conforming to the practices of the Church of England or face exile/death
Term

30 Year's War

1618-1648

Definition
"the Religious war to end all religious wars"- war in the HRE that was the last and most destructive of the religious wars. It involved religious differences between Catholics, Calvinists, and Lutherans
Term
Fragmented Germany
Definition
Germany, in the 2nd half of the 16th century, was made up of about 360 autonomous political entities. The Peace of Augsburg had given each a degree of sovereignty within its own borders, and therefore it was not unified at all
Term

Defenstration of Prague

Definition
begins the Bohemian stage of the 30 years war; basically, Ferdinand (who all protestants hate) is elected as emperor of HRE. He sends some catholic representatives to Prague, and they get thrown out the window!
Term
Edict of Restitution
Definition
Feeling threatened by HRE's aggression, Danish king Christian IV steps in to defend the protestants. He loses, and Fredrick II of the HRE feels stregthened, and treis to take back church lands that were lost during the Reformation
Term
Gustavus Adolphus
Definition
Hero of the Swedish stage of the 30 years war, he is successful in battle against the catholic forces
Term

Treaty of Westphalia

1648

Definition
calvinism is recognized as a legal religion, the ruler of the land still decides religion, Switz and Netherlands get formal independence, allows for the continued division of German states
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