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AP Euro: 30 Cold War
Cold War Conflicts and Social Transformations, 1945-1985
58
History
10th Grade
04/09/2012

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Term
What was agreed upon at the Tehran Conference?
Definition
US, UK, Soviets agree to crush Germany- US and UK through France, Soviets through Eastern Europe
Term
What was agreed upon at the Yalta Conference?
Definition
German "zones"
Reparations to Soviets
Soviets declare war on Japan after Nazis are defeated
freely elected but "pro-Russian" govts
Term
What was agreed upon at the Potsdam Conference?
Definition
No truly free elections in E. Europe
Term
How did the United States attempt to "get tough" following failed compromises with the Soviet Union? Why was it criticized as just "tough talk?"
Definition
No aid to USSR
No recognition of Communist govts
But, demobilized troops, just "tough talk?"
Term
What was the Truman Doctrine?
Definition
1) "contain" Communism
2) military aid -> Greece + Turkey
Term
What was the Marshall Plan?
Definition
US econ aid to non-Soviet Europe
Term
Why did the United States form the NATO? How did Stalin counter?
Definition
1) est. of Soviet-style dictatorships in E. Europe, most notably Czechoslovakia
2) attempted Soviet blockade of West Berlin

He formed the Warsaw Pact
Term
Were China and Korea Eastern bloc or Western bloc victories?
Definition
China- E. Victory (communist)
Korea- truce, N. Korea communist, S. Korea democratic
Term
In what countries did the Christian Democrats take power? What were Christian Democratic ideals? Who were important leaders of the party?
Definition
Italy- Alcide De Gaspari
France
Germany- Konrad Adenauer, Ludwig Erhard

Democracy, economy, cooperation, social reform
Term
How were post-WW2 socialists influential in Europe?
Definition
-welfare measures: allowances, health insurance, housing
-UK under Atlee- welfare state, nationalized industry
Term
In West Germany, ______ established a _____ economy with social welfare measures.
Definition
Ludwig Erhard
free-market
Term
In post WW2 France, _____ established a _____ economy with social welfare measures.
Definition
Jean Monnet
mixed- nationalized banks invest in business but private econ.
Term
What was the Council of Europe? Were its goals achieved?
Definition
attempt at political unity of Europe
No, Britain refuses to give up power
Term
Who created the Coal and Steel Community? What was its goal?
Definition
Jean Monnet and Robert Schuman
Bind 6 member states so closely economically that war is impossible
Term
What was the Treaty of Rome?
Definition
creates EEC/ Common Market
no tariffs among 6 member states to create a single market to compete with US
Term
How did French action in the 1960's detract from the goal of European unity?
Definition
De Gaulle
-Out of NATO
-Own nukes
-vetoed Commmon Market majority rule
Term
What are characteristics of Indian decolonization?
Definition
Ntlism -> Parl. Lib'lism
-Gandhi's non-violence
-2 states: Hindu India, Muslim Pakistan
Term
What are characteristics of Chinese decolonization?
Definition
Ntlism -> Communism
-Stalin supports Mao, US supports Chiang
-Mao w/ peasants win, establish a Soviet-style state
Term
Which Vietnamese nationalist led forces against the French? What was the result?
Definition
Ho Chi Minh
2 Vietnamese States
Term
In 1944, the French gave up League of Nations mandates in _____ and _____.
Definition
Syria, Lebanon
Term
What was the result of the 1947 British decision to leave Palestine?
Definition
2 states- Arab and Jewish
Jewish Israel gets more land because of a military hold-off of Arabs
Term
How did Egypt ultimately gain independence in 1956?
Definition
Nasser nationalizes Suez Canal
France, Britain, Israel invade, but US and Soviets force them to withdraw
Term
How did Algeria gain independence in 1962?
Definition
war vs. France under de Gaulle is a success
Term
What was the pattern of independence in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Definition
British and French Commonwealths
Neo-colonialism
-increased econ+cultural ties
-special trading privileges
Term
What is evidence that totalitarianism continued in the Soviet Union, 1945-1953? (5)
Definition
1) New Propaganda: "War on Capitalism..."
2) 1 party state
3) 5 year plans focused on heavy industry
4) Cultural control: anti-Western, anti-Jewish
5) exportation of communist system to E. Europe
Term
Which country was the only country to resist Soviet domination? Under whom?
Definition
Yugoslavia- Josip Broz Tito
Term
Which Soviet leader led the de-Stalinization movement up to 1964? What is evidence of de-Stalinization?
Definition
Nikita Khrushchev
1) Anti-Stalin 20th Party Congress Speech (1956)
2) New party members
3) More consumer goods
4) Cultural freedom- some
Term
Who wrote Doctor Zhivago (1956) and what is it about?
Definition
Boris Pasternak
-intellectual who rejects Soviet revolution and Stalinist Russia's violence and brutality
Term
What foreign policy decisions of Khrushchev led Soviets to view him as erratic and threatening to the party? (5)
Definition
1) Poland: great autonomy (1956)
2) Crushed liberal-communist revolt in Hungary after revocation of Warsaw Pact (1956)
3) Failed attempt to de-Westernize W. Berlin (1961)
4) Berlin Wall (1961)
5) Cuban Missile Crisis ends in diplomatic failure, Soviets have to remove missiles from Cuba (1962)
Term
Under whom did re-Stalinzation take place? What is evidence of re-Stalinization? (4)
Definition
Leonid Brezhnev
1) focus on Stalin's good points
2) arms buildup to counter US
3) crushes Czech "socialism with a human face" revolt under Dubcek
4) Brezhnev Doctrine- Soviets can invade any communist country at any time
Term
What is evidence that re-Stalinized Soviet Russia was more stable? (4)
Definition
1) improved living standard
2) Privileges for ambitious
3) Great Russian Nationalism
4) Cultural Control
Term
What were significant and profound changes during the Brezhnev era of the Soviet Union? (3)
Definition
1) growing urban population
2) more specialists and experts
3) growth of public opinion and education
-people feel the right to a voice in decision making
Term
What are the characteristics of Big Science? (3)
Definition
1) state-sponsored
2) 1/4 to weapons
3) specialization and teamwork
Term
Why did Europeans fear a "brain drain" in the 60's and 70's? (2)
Definition
Space Race
Us attracts Euro scientists
Term
How did the middle class change after WW2? Why?
Definition
Managers and experts replace property owners, less secure and more open (but less class tension b/c social welfare)

Demand created by industrial + tech expansion, less family owned business
Term
How did the lower class change after WW2?
Definition
Farms and countryside -> cities
Less industrial jobs -> more service, white collar
Less class tension b/c social welfare
Term
What is evidence of a rising living standard in post-WW2 Europe? (5)
Definition
-social security
-less % spent on food and drink
-automobiles
-"gadget revolution"
-travel, tourism
Term
How did economic prosperity in the 1950's and 60's affect women's roles in the private sphere? (3)
Definition
-early marriage
-early childbearing
-small families = more free time
Term
How did economic prosperity in the 1950's and 60's affect women's roles in the public sphere? (3)
Definition
-full/part time work, esp in USSR
-discrimination in pay/promotion
-led to feminism
Term
Why did youth counterculture emerge in the 1960's?
Definition
1) mass communications
2) numbers = influence
3) postwar prosperity
Term
What is evidence that re-Stalinized Soviet Russia was more stable? (4)
Definition
1) improved living standard
2) Privileges for ambitious
3) Great Russian Nationalism
4) Cultural Control
Term
What were significant and profound changes during Brezhnev era of the Soviet Union?
Definition
1) growing urban population
2) more specialists and experts
3) growth of public opinion education- people feel the right to a voice in decision-making
Term
What two areas did feminists look to make progress in?
Definition
1) work- pay, day care, maternity leave
2) family- divorce, abortion, violence
Term
In what country were feminists most successful?
Definition
Italy
Term
What was the biggest reason for the decline in economic prosperity in the 70's?
Definition
Rise in oil prices
-OPEC 1971
-Arab-Israeli War- US supports Israel
-Iranian Revolution- 1979 oil collapse
Term
Who joined the EEC/Common Market in the 70s and 80s?
Definition
Denmark, Iceland, Britain, Greece, Portugal, Spain
Term
How did Margaret Thatcher and Britain respond to the economic decline?
Definition
social market -> free market
-privatization
-cut social welfare spending
-sell public housing
Term
What were social consequences of the austerity movement in the 1980's? (5)
Definition
-environmentalism, Green parties
-later marriage
-conservative students
-more women working
-healthier lifestyles
Term
How did Francois Mitterand and France respond to the economic decline?
Definition
nationalization and public investment (failed)
-austerity after 1983
Term
Who wrote One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1963)? What is it about?
Definition
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Prisoner in a Soviet labor camp
Term
What were the main ways in which 60's and 70's youth rebelled against order? (4)
Definition
1) more sex- no need for marriage
2) living together
3) anti-materialism
4) anti-Vietnam (in US)
Term
What caused the 1968 student revolt in Paris? (3) How was it resolved?
Definition
1) Vietnam War
2) overcrowded universities
3) Complaints- impractical education

De Gaulle- troops and new elections- overwhelming vote for De Gaulle reestablishes order
Term
Who was the West German Chancellor that attempted to create a policy of detente? How?
Definition
Willy Brandt

1) Poland- historic actions (Warsaw Ghetto Memorial)
2) Practical improvements
3) Treaties w/ USS, Czech, Poland for renunciation of force
Term
What actions in the 70s suggested that Cold War tensions were still apparent? (4)
Definition
1) No human rights in USSR violating Helsinki Conference
2) Soviets invade Afghanistan
3) Disagreement in NATO
4) Reagan- expands navy and nukes
Term
What were the causes of the feminist movement?
Definition
1) Changes in gender roles
2) Intellectual arguments
3) Civil rights movement model
Term
Who wrote The Second Sex (1949)? What is it about?
Definition
Simone de Beauvoir

Existentialism- challenge social limitations
Term
Who wrote Feminine Mystique (1963)? What is it about?
Definition
Betty Friedan

Crisis of identity- adult behavior needed
Term
Who founded the National Organization for Women? (NOW)
Definition
Betty Friedan
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