Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP Euro 2 - War of Rel/Abs/New Wd View
AP Euro 2 - Wars of Religion/Absolutism/New World View
61
History
Undergraduate 1
04/23/2013

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Nicolaus Copernicus
Definition
1.)Polish clergyman and astronomer
2.)Wrote On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres
3.)Heliocentric universe
Term
Johannes Kepler
Definition
1.)Assistant of Tycho Brahe
2.)Formulated 3 laws of planetary motion
3.)Elliptical orbits
Term
Galileo Galilei
Definition
1.)Italian scientist who contributed to scientific method
2.)Used telescope
3.)Condemned by Inquisition
Term
Isaac Newton
Definition
1.)Wrote Principia
2.)Laws of Gravity and Inertia
Term
Francis Bacon
Definition
1.)Empiricism
2.)Inductive method based upon observation
Term
Rene Descartes
Definition
1.)Empiricism
2.)Inductive method based upon observation
Term
Thomas Hobbes
Definition
1.)Wrote Leviathan
2.)Viewed humans as naturally self-centered and prone to violence
3.)Favored absolute monarchy
Term
John Locke
Definition
1.)Wrote Second Treatise of Government
2.)Tabula Rasa
3.)Natural rights
Term
Blaise Pascal
Definition
1.)Religion required Leap of Faith
2.)Better to believe in God than not to
Term
Voltaire
Definition
1.)French pihlosophe
2.)Wrote satire
3.)Crush the Infamous Thing
Term
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Definition
1.)Wrote The Social Contract and Emile
2.)Encouraged loyalty to community
Term
Adam Smith
Definition
1.)Laissez-faire
Term
Baron Montesquieu
Definition
1.)Wrote Spirit of the Laws
2.)Separation of Powers
Term
Mary Wolstonecraft
Definition
1.)Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
2.)Argued that woman are not naturally inferior to men
Term
1455
Definition
Invention of the printing press (date)
Term
1555
Definition
Peace of Augsburg ends religious war in Germany; Charles V abdicates (date)
Term
1588
Definition
Spanish Armada defeated (date)
Term
1598
Definition
Edict of Nantes ends French Wars of religion (date)
Term
1603
Definition
Stuart monarchy begins in England (date)
Term
1648
Definition
Peace of Westphalia ends Thirty Years' War (date)
Term
1649
Definition
Charles I executed (date)
Term
1687
Definition
Newton publishes Principia Mathematica (date)
Term
1688-89
Definition
Glorious Revolution; Peter the Great's reign begins in Russia (date)
Term
1713-1715
Definition
Peace of Utrecht; death of Louis XIV (date)
Term
1763
Definition
Treaty Paris ends Seven Years' War (date)
Term
1776
Definition
American Revolution; Smith publishes Wealth of Nations (date)
Term
German peasant revolts (1525)
Definition
Widespread uprising of German country people protesting economic and social injustices. Justified revolt through Luther's doctrine.
Term
Edict of Nantes (1598)
Definition
Document issued by Henry IV of France granting liberty of conscience and of public worship to Calvinists in 150 towns; helped restore peace in France.
Term
Escorial
Definition
Spanish imperial palace built 1563-1584, combining a monastery, the tomb of Spanish Habsburgs, and a royal residence.
Term
Golden Century of Spain
Definition
Title given to the 16th century of Spain because of its enormous power and influence in Europe, a power that rested on Mexican and S. America gold and silver.
Term
Peace of Westphalia
Definition
General name of a series of treaties that concluded the Thirty Years War; recognizd the soverign authority of 300+ German princes (and thereby the end of the Holy Roman Empire as a viable state).
Term
Politiques
Definition
Moderates of both religious faiths that held that only a strong monarchy could save France from total collapse
Term
Price Revolution
Definition
Alliance of German Lutheran princes alarmed at religious and territorial spead of Calvinism and Catholicism. Catholic princes responded with the Catholic League. The two armed camps erupted in the Thirty Years War
Term
Spanish Armada (1588)
Definition
Fleet sent by Philip II of Spain against England, in his mind a religious crusade against Protestantism
Term
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Definition
Begun 24 August 1572 and extending over several weeks, the most violent series of confrontations between French Catholics and Protestants, each side trying to secure control over the weak French government.
Term
Treaty of Cateau-Chambresis (1559)
Definition
Agreement that ended six decades of war (fought mainly in Italy) between French (Valois) kings and the Spanish (Habsburg) rulers. France was denied power in Italy.
Term
Union of Utrecht (1581)
Definition
Alliance of 7 Northern provinces (led by Holland) that declared its independence from Spain and formed the United Provinces of the Netherlands.
Term
Absolutism
Definition
System of ruling where monarchs reduced the political power of the landlord nobility as they gained and monopolized their own political power.
Term
Autocracy
Definition
A form of government led by a ruler with absolute power.
Term
Elector of Bradenburg
Definition
The leader of the Bradenburg who had the rightt to choose the Holy Roman emperor with six other electors bestowed prestige but had not military power.
Term
Junkers
Definition
The nobility and landowning classes of the Estates of Bradenburg and Prussia.
Term
Millet System
Definition
A system used by the Ottomans whereby subjects were divided into religious communities with each millet (nation) enjoying autonomous self-government under its religious leaders.
Term
Pragmatic Sanction
Definition
Proclaimed by Charles VI in 1713, it stated that the Habsburg possessions were never to be divided and were always to be passed intact to a single heir, who might be female.
Term
Serfdom
Definition
System used by nobles and rulers where peasants were bound first to the land they worked and then, by degrading obligations to the lords they served.
Term
Service nobility
Definition
A newly emerging class who held the tsars land on the explicit condition that they serve in the tsar's army.
Term
Cartesian Dualism
Definition
Descartes view of the world as consisting of two fundamental entities matter and mind.
Term
Copernican hypothesis
Definition
The idea that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe; this had enormous scientific and relgiious implications.
Term
Empiricism
Definition
Theory of inductive reasoning where you should go beyond speculation and begin to compare and analyze the subject.
Term
Enlightened Absolutism
Definition
The adapttion, albeit varied of enlightened governing into the rule of absolute monarchs often at the insistence of philosophes.
Term
Enlightenment
Definition
A world-view that has played a large role in shaping the modern mind. Included the use of reason, the scientific method, and progress.
Term
Experimental Method
Definition
Galileo's greatest achievement; rather than speculate about what might or should happen in an experiment, he conducted controlled experiments to find out what actually did happen.
Term
Law of Inertia
Definition
A law formulated by Galileo that stated that rest was not the natural state of object. Rather, an object continues in motion forever unless stopped by some external force.
Term
Law of Universal Gravitation
Definition
Every body in the universe attracts every other body in the universe in a precise mathematical relationship.
Term
Philisophes
Definition
Intelluctals in France who proclaimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to their ignorant fellow creatures in the Age of Enlightenment.
Term
Progress
Definition
The idea that with the proper method of discovering the laws of human existence, it was possible for humans to create better societies and better people.
Term
Rationalism
Definition
Nothing was to be accepted on faith, everything was to be submitted to the rational, critical, scientific way of thinking.
Term
Salons
Definition
Elegant private drawing rooms where talented and rich Parisian women held regular social gatherings to discuss literature, science and philosophy
Term
Separation of Powers
Definition
The idea that despotism could be avoided when political power was divided and shared by a variety of classes and legal estates holding unequal rights and privileges.
Term
Skepticism
Definition
Belief that nothing can ever be known beyond all doubt and that humanity's best hope was open-minded toleration
Term
Tabula Rasa
Definition
Locke's belief that all ideas are derived from experience, and that the human mind at birth is like a blank tablet on which the environment writes the individuals understanding and beliefs.
Term
The Public (sphere)
Definition
All the French (and European) economic and social elites who were seen as the educated or enlightened public.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!