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| -Follower of Bentham. -He believed that disease caused poverty. -Solution: Clean things up by using running water. -His report was published in 1842 and led to the modern sanitation system for Great Britain. |
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| -French chemist. -He developed the germ theory of disease. -His early work dealt with pasteurizing (heating) beer, wine, and milk to kill germs. -Led to vaccines in the later 1870's. |
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| -English surgeon. -In 1880's began the practice of using antiseptics to sterilize wounds and everything else in the operating room. |
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| -Put in charge of re-building Paris by Napoleon ill. -Built wide boulevards, parks, monuments and the Opera House. -Tore down slums and improved the sanitation. -Project: 1850 to 1870. -Other cities followed example. |
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| -11 volume autobiography about the sexual adventures of a upper-class Englishman. -Gives insight into prostitution and the dark side of Victorian life. |
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| -Based on the idea of "Survival of the fittest" -Herbert Spencer and others used the theory of evolution as a reason not to elp the poor. |
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| Count Camillo Denso de Cavour |
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| -Moderate Italian nationalist. -Wanted to unite the northern parts ofItaly. |
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| -Romantic Italian nationalist. -He and his "Red Shirts" added the Kingdom of Two Sicilies to a unified Italy. |
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| -King of Sardinia to whom a united Italy was handed, by Cavour and Garibaldi, to rule. |
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| -King of Prussia. -He expanded their military and appointed Bismark as Prime Minister (Chancellor). |
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| -Conservative prime minister (chancellor) of Prussia. -Master of Realpolitik. -Blood and Iron. -Used German Nationalism to strengthen Prussia at the expense of Austria. -Started and won both the Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian wars. -Unified German states. -Made Prussia the strongest country in Europe. |
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| -France and England, aided by Sardinia and the Ottoman Empire defeated Russia. -Proved that Russia had fallen behind in technology. |
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| -Freed the Russian serfs but failed to complete land reform. -Made advances in Russian Industrialization. -Killed by a terrorist. |
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| -Unstable German emperor. -Fired Bismark to rule by himself. -Took Germany into WWI. -Had to abdicate toward the end of the war. |
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| Third Reform Bill of 1884 |
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Definition
| -Gave the vote to most adult men in Britain. |
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| -Liberal British Prime Minister -Proposed home-rule for Ireland in the late 1800's. (Northern - Protestant and Southern - Catholic) -Protestants resisted home-rule by Catholic majority. - WWI puts. issue on back burner. |
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| -Hatred of Jewish people and culture. |
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| -Anti-Semitic / Christian socialist mayor of Vienna from 1897 to 1910. -Influenced Adolf Hitler. .... hand waver. |
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| -1864 -Socialist Organization led by Karl Marx. -Too radical.. .. collapsed. |
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| -1889-1914 -Socialist Organization that met every 3-years. -Declared May 1 the annual international one-day strike day. -Showed increased power of Socialism. |
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| -British merchants were selling opium to the Chinese. - When Manchu Government tried to stop this drug trade, the British went to war with China to continue it. -The British won. -Forced the Treaty of Nanking (1842) on the Chinese. |
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| -First of many unequal treaties forced on the Chinese by Western powers. -In this one, the British gained the island of Hong Kong, had to pay 100 million dollars, and had to open four large cities to foreign trade with low tariffs. |
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| -American naval leader who "Opened" Japan to the west. -Only had to use the threat of war. -Led to unequal privileges for Western nations within Japan. |
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| -Chinese attempt to throw out the "Foreign Devils". -Failed and was crushed by multi-national forces. |
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| -Built by a mixture of British, French, and Egyptian labor and money. -It connected the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. -When the debt from this project got out of control, British stepped in and established a puppet government in Egypt. -The British would control Egypt until 1956. |
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| -Between 1815 and 1932, more than 60 million people left Europe. -Almost half of these people went to the United States. |
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| -When the British defeated the Dutch in South Africa. |
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| -Belgium king who started the European "land-grab" in Africa in the late 1800's. -He landed up with the Congo. |
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| -Set the rules for dividing Africa. -Must have "effective occupation" in order to claim land. -Led by Ferry of France and Bismarck of Germany. -Agreed to stop slavery |
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| -Declared in Paris after the defeat of the French army (to the Prussians) at Sedan. -During the early stages of this, the Paris Commune was established. -After it crushed, France went back to this. |
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| -When radicals in Paris took over the city in 1871 and tried to overthrow the government in France. -Crushed by the French army with 20,000 Frenchmen dying. |
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| -Led the government in crushing the Paris Commune. Alfred Dreyfus -Jewish captain in the French army. -Was falsely accused and convicted of treason. -Split France apart. -Led to anti-Catholic Church movement. |
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| -Leader of the Conservative Party in Britain when they gave the vote to all men. -Did this to gain supporters. |
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| -Period during the 1880's when the leading European nations established or enlarged their fur- flung empires. |
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| -Last Chinese imperial rulers. -Lost their power to western foreign imperialist. -Lost their throne to the Nationalist. |
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| -Ended the reform began by Alexander II. -Appointed Sergei Witte as minister of fmance for Russia. |
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| -Minister of finance for Russia from 1892 until 1903. -Built the trans-Siberian railroad, set high tariffs and went on the gold standard. -Used the West to catch up to the West. |
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| -Russian, -Began when a peaceful workers march to the Winter Palace turned into "Bloody Sunday". -Strikes, peasant, and minority revolts and troop mutinies followed. -Tsar Nicholas II gave in to their demands with the October Manifesto. |
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| -Granted Russian full civil rights, an elected Duma and Fundamental Laws (constitution). -BUT. ... the Tsar still had veto power. -By 1907 he had dismissed the Duma. -By gaining the support of the propertied classes, he was able to control the rest. |
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| -Russian chief-minister. -He broke down collective village ownership ofland in the early 1900's. |
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| -Prussian (& later German) "parliament". |
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| -Bismarks attack on the Catholic Church. -Only successful in Protestant Prussia. -Had to give it up. |
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| -French philosopher. -Wrote System oj Positive Philosophy. -Stages of knowledge: 1st -Theological, 2nd -Metaphysical, and 3rd scientific. -Others applied this evolutionary idea to many fields. |
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| -English naturalist. -Theory of Evolution. -On the Origin oj species by the Means oj Natural Selection. |
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| -Literature movement that began in the 1840's. -Dominated Western culture until the 1890's. -Believed literature should depict life the way it really was. -Observed and recorded ..... just facts. |
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| -Nephew of Napoleon I. -He was elected president of France in 1848. -In 1851 he organized a coup d'etat and became Emperor -In 1860's he liberalized his rule. -He gave France a constitution in 1870. |
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| -Began with the second coup d'etat of Napoleon III. -Continued until his defeat in 1871 by Prussia. |
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| -Early Italian nationalist. |
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