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| An attempt to reform the Roman Catholic church |
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| A wandering friar authorized by Pope Leo X to sell indulgences which would be used to rebuild St. Peter's church in Rome and to provide funds to local dioceses. |
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| Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. Excommunicated Luther. |
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| People bought indulgences to have their sins absolved. |
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| A priest/monk/theologian who condemmed the sale of indulgences and the traditional means of attaining salvation. He nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenburg church and founded Lutheranism. |
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| A tribunal of the Holy Roman Empire with the power to outlaw someone- to condemn them to be burned at the stake. Outlawed Luther in 1521. |
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| German peasants, demanding the abolition of manorialism, used force against the landowners. |
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| Refused to recognize the right of the German princes to determine the religion of their subjects. |
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| The League of Schmalkalden |
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| Formed by newly protestant German princes to defend themselves against the emperor. |
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| Assumed office as the first of the "reform popes." |
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| A Swiss philosopher who wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion. Argued for the concept of predestination and a democratically organized church government. |
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| Statue of the Six Articles |
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| Approved by the English parliament. Upheld the seven sacraments, maintained Catholic theology against the tenants of Lutheranism and Calvinism, and replaced the authority of the Pope with that of the monarch. |
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| Society of Jesus. A holy order that was organized in a military fashion and required blind obedience and absolute faith from its members. Swore to supress Protestantism. Its members served as advisors to Catholic kings, surpressed heresy through the Inquisition, established schools in Catholic nations to indoctrinate the young, and sent missionaries to the far corners of the eart. |
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| Society of Jesus. A holy order that was organized in a military fashion and required blind obedience and absolute faith from its members. Swore to supress Protestantism. Its members served as advisors to Catholic kings, surpressed heresy through the Inquisition, established schools in Catholic nations to indoctrinate the young, and sent missionaries to the far corners of the earth. |
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| The Index of Prohibited Books |
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| Instituted in Catholic countries to keep heretical reading material out of the hands of the faithful. |
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| The first continent-wide war in modern history. Culmination of religious wars between Catholics and Protestants. |
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