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AP Euro Imperialism Deux
MARTHA/DOCTOR OTP.
37
History
10th Grade
01/31/2011

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Term
Muhammad Ali
Definition
Egypt's king when it came under European sway. Technially subservient to the Ottoman sultan, he envisioned Egypt as a beneficiary of western technology. Introduced new irrigation projects, modernized the army, built schools, and increased government efficiency. Borrowed too much money for internal improvements and ended up in debt.
Term
Balkan League
Definition
Organized by Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro to defeat the Ottomans and drive them out of their lands.
Term
Imperialism
Definition
Empire building.
Term
Colonial imperialism
Definition
The most complete type of imperialism, with a country actually occupied and ruled by a foreign nation.
Term
Political imperialism
Definition
The dominant country used diplomacy or military force to influence a weaker nation's internal affairs.
Term
Economic imperialism
Definition
Inspired by the desire to control global trade and commerce, especially as industrialization of western countries made their production and transportation capacities greater. Example during the 19th century: the creation of spheres of influence in China.
Term
Socio-cultural imperialism
Definition
Based on a desire to influence a territory to adopt the cultural values and social customs of the imperialist country.
Term
Tropical dependencies
Definition
Africa, Asia, and the South Pacific. Areas generally less appealing to European settlers. Main goal usually exploitation of natural resources. Few settlers, many natives. Problems: control of natives, potential uprisings, native elite resentment, control of governments.
Term
Settlement colonies
Definition
Areas generally more appealing to European settlers. Dual goals of settlement and exploitation of natural resources. Many European settlers; some had few natives, others had equal numbers of natives. In colonies with few natives, fewer conflicts occured; in those with many natives, problems were similar to those in tropical dependencies. Colonies located in many areas, including Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Hawaii, and South Africa.
Term
Bessemer steel converter
Definition
Allowed iron ore to be converted to steel efficiently.
Term
Thomas Edison
Definition
American inventor who experimented with electricity.
Term
Nawabs
Definition
Muslim princes in India. As Mughal power weakened in the 18th century, they asserted regional control at the empire's expense, and often made independent agreements with European companies.
Term
Company men
Definition
By 1750, staffed European outposts in India. Organized trade and protected warehouses and offices.
Term
Sepoys
Definition
Indian troops hired by European companies to assist with protection.
Term
British raj (reign)
Definition
Established by 1818- the East India company controlled vast areas of the subcontinent.
Term
Sepoy Rebellion
Definition
Occurred in 1857. Hindu and Muslim troops rebelled because they thought they'd have to bite bullets greased with cow and pig fat. By 1858 order was restored and direct imperial rule was imposed.
Term
Indian Civil Service
Definition
Worked under the British viceroy, who represented English authority. Staffed almost completely by Englishmen, much to Indian displeasure.
Term
Rammohun Roy
Definition
The first of the prominent Indian nationalists. Promoted Indian nationalism in the early 19th century. Founded a society called Brahmo Samaj, whose goal was to reconcile Western values with the ancient religious traditions of India.
Term
Indian National Congress
Definition
Convened in 1885 by a group of educated and ambitious Indians. Aimed to create a larger role for Indians in the Civil Service, but unable to develop a broad appeal among ordinary Indians.
Term
Mccartney mission
Definition
A delegation headed by George Mccartney sent by the British government in order to open up more trade between China and Britan. Cultural conflicts led to failure. It was an early indication that the Europeans and Chinese would clash.
Term
Canton system
Definition
Chinese restrictions on change. British goods could only come in through one port, Canton.
Term
Treaty of Nanking
Definition
Signed by the British and Chinese after the First Opium War of 1839-1842. Dismantled the Canton system. Increased the number of ports open to foreigners from one to five. British residents in China gained extraterritorial rights.
Term
unequal treaties
Definition
Name for treaties between Britan and China after the second set of opium wars. The Chinese government lost control of foreign trade, and the opium trade continued to expand.
Term
The "Scramble for Africa"
Definition
European nations competing for land claims.
Term
Shaka
Definition
An African leader. Seized control of his small Zulu kingdom in 1816, organized an army, and attacked neighboring African states in competition for grazing land.
Term
Zulu
Definition
An ethnic group in Southern Africa.
Term
David Livingstone
Definition
A Scottish Protestant missionary. One of the first to explore Africa. Arrived in Africa in 1841.
Term
Cecil Rhodes
Definition
British entrepreneur and agressive imperialist. Founded De Beers Consolidated, a company that came to dominate the world's diamond trade, and attempted to build a railroad spanning Africa.
Term
Henry Stanley
Definition
An American journalist who set off amidst great publicity to find David Livingstone after nothing was heard from him for several months. Met him in October 1871 and said the famous phrase, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" Returned home by way of the Congo River, where he established trading stations for King Leopold II of Belgium.
Term
The Berlin Conference
Definition
1884-1885. Convened by Otto Von Bismarck. Divided Africa amongst the European powers in order to avoid war.
Term
Captain James Cook
Definition
Claimed Australia for the British in 1770.
Term
Indentured servants
Definition
Migrants who worked in return for payment of their passage.
Term
Scientific racism
Definition
The assumption that the world is divided into four major ethnic groups, each with its own distinct traits. Evolved into Social Darwinism.
Term
The Origin of Species
Definition
Written by Charles Darwin in 1859. Used by scientific racists to derive their theories of Social Darwinism.
Term
Social Darwinism
Definition
Applied survival of the fittest to social situations.
Term
Herbert Spencer
Definition
The best known Social Darwinist.
Term
Emperor Wilhelm II
Definition
German emperor. Dismissed Bismarck in 1890 and began to direct foreign policy himself. He dropped Bismarck's treaty with Russia, leading to the formation of the Triple Entente.
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