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The revival of antiquity also took form of profound interest in and study of the
Latin Classics. Became known as the “new learning”. Humanists studied Latin classics to
learn what they revealed of human nature. It emphasized human beings, their achievements,
interests and capabilities. |
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stressed personality, uniqueness, genius, and full development of one’s
capabilities and talents.Bascially, people looking for self glory. |
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a poet and humanist. Believing he was living in period of light following gloomy
world. That he was witnessing golden ages after dark ages. |
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Wrote The Courtier, a book on education that had the broadest influence of any
educational book. The book tells how to train a gentleman, who has to be familiar with music,
arts, etc. |
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called the father of modern painting. inspired new style characterized by great
realism, narrative power and effective use of light and dark. |
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| an illusion of depth in painting. Example: The Last Supper by Leonardo de Vinci |
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This series of wars involved repeated French invasions of Italy. Italy
was really little more than a battleground for the two most powerful empires in Europe at that
time: France and the Hapsburg Empire, which controlled Austria, Spain, the Netherlands and
other areas. |
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The Christian Empires on the Iberian peninsula waged a 800 year reconquest
of the area- seeking to drive out all the Muslims and return the region to Catholicism. |
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measurement of time. Used to make observations and improve scientifically
knowledge. |
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A royal court that was used (in an abuse of power) to incriminate prominent
people that would have otherwise escaped punishment. Henry VII used it to undermine
the nobles and take out his personal enemies with the help of his middle-class buddies. |
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Came about during the Renaissance. Produced light and dark
music, in major and minor. Set the foundation for S.S.C.O. |
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a novel written by Cervantes. Don Quixote was a man who wanted to
become a heroic knight, and attempted to do so through absurd deeds that almost always went
awry. Was a humorous and almost tragic-filled novel. Written to make fun of the Middle Ages |
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| the period of High Renaissance, took place in Italy |
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Rescinded - meaning invalidated - the Pragmatic Sanction during
Francis I’s reign. Gave the pope money from the income of new bishops and abbots. In return,
the French king was allowed to choose the new bishops and abbots. Facilitated by Pope Leo X
15. Pragmatic Sanction - created 1438 by Charles VII. Asserted the superiority of the general
council over the papacy. Gave the French crown control over the appointment of bishops and
deprived the pope of the French ecclesiastical revenues (money made for the church). Helped
establish French liberties by saying the French crown had special rights over the French church. |
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Laura Cereta [well-educated humanist who proceeded to study
after the death of her husband. Condemned women for allowing themselves to be the inferior
sex but had faith in their potential] and Christine de Pisan [famous French author, wrote many
works including ‘The Book of the City of Ladies’, feminist] |
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Author of ‘The Decameron’, a novel describing ambitious merchants lecherous
friars, and cuckhold husbands. Portrayed a frankly acquisitive, sensual, and worldly society.
Celebrated enjoyment of wealth. |
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One of the Renaissance popes, 1500-1513. Tore down the old St. Peter’s Basilica
and started construction on the new one. |
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Patrons of the arts, those who purchased and supported
Renaissance artists, wealthy |
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Built the Sistine Chapel, allowed the Spanish Inquistition, established
the Vatican archives |
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Gibelle was a tax on salt, Taille was a tax on land, started in France by
Charles VII |
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Thomas More wrote “Utopia”, which means “nowhere”; Erasmus
wrote “Praise of Folly”, which made fun of the Catholic priests; both were humanist writers |
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In northern Italian communes, the popolo were people who were
unhappy with the heavy taxes they had to pay. Because of this, they used violence and force
to take over the communal governments. They didn’t stay in power very long b/c they could not
establish civil order. The signori then began taking over these govts. and were soon leading
much of N. Italy. They were one-man rulers who manipulated the law to conceal their illegal
shenanigans. |
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art and music moved north with trade and brought forth writers such
as Thomas More and Erasmus; the Northern Renaissance’s art was more focused on piety and
religion |
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War in England between the Landcasters (red rose) and the Yorks (white
rose); 1451-1475; Edward IV of York wins |
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Declined during the Renaissance. Their only purpose was to be gracious &
charming and learn the classics and a few languages to do good for the family. Main place was
in the home, caring for the family. Rape was not considered a serious crime. |
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Name is derived from the original slaves, prisoners of war from slavic lands. Very
different from US slavery not as clearly defined. Owning a black slave was like owning a trophy. |
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(Medici copyists) 200 copyists for Lorenzo de Medici copied 45 volumes and took
2 years to do it. |
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Targeted the Jews and Muslims specifically, tracked down and judged people on
whether they were Christian or not. Non-Christians were either forced to convert, or tortured and
killed. Jews owned a lot of the money, king and queen of Spain (ferdie and izzy) didn’t like that
so they got permission from Sixtus IV to do the Inquisition. |
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| Printing Press and Vernacular |
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Printing press invented by Gutenburg, Fust, and Schoffer.
New type of printer used “moveable type.” One of the first things they printed was the Bible,
called Gutenburg’s Bible. Allowed people to become more literate in a “vernacular” or national
language, rather than just a few people knowing Latin. (I think the main vernacular was French.)
Allowed people to read the Bible for themselves, and figure out their own meaning besides just
what the priests were telling them. |
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| Why was Nostradamus a Renaissance Man? |
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Could read/write 5 different languages, dabbled in
magic and the occult, was a doctor He was one of the first to be concerned over the future, he
was a doctor, he worked with magic and dabbled in the occult , and he knew 5 languages! Also
he made a new writing style with centuries and quatrains where each century was a book and
each century had 100 quatrains or predictions in them. |
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| List 3 Northern Renaissance artists AND their major work. |
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Van Eyck - Arnolfini Portrait van
der Weyden- The Descent from the Cross Breugel- Peasant Wedding |
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| List 4 French kings of the Renaissance |
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| Charles VII, Louis XI, Lousi XII, Francis I |
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| 4. Why is Northern Italy the leader of the Renaissance? |
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Northern Italy was Geographically in
the perfect spot for growth. Located near the Mediterranean, and as an interior middle man for
all of Europe's trade, the Italians were able to get different spices from the Med. and trade with
the rest of Europe. The increased wealth the 4 N I cities got with increased free time allotted for
corporate patrons to fund elaborate art displays and clothing and other items that would make
them esteemed. Other wealthy families wanted to be esteemed as well and thus the chainreaction
led to the “rebirth” of N itatlian cities |
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| Why is Da Vinci the best example of a Renaissance Man? |
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Artist, scientist,
mathematician, architect, botanist, he was one of the first people to study the human body, he was very intelligent, designed
plans for a helicopter and drew up plans for guns, began classifying some of the plants and
animals, he was a writer. |
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Describe “the growth of music” during the Renaissance and how it laid foundations for
what new styles? |
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Two new instruments: violin and harpsichord. There were major and minor
scales: major scales we normal (more happy, LIGHT) and minor scales were slightly different
from major scales (DARKER). These new instruments and scales allowed for new styles of
music and laid the foundation for: Sonatas, Symphonies, Concertos, and Opera |
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| List 4 Northern Italian cities and circle the leader of the Renaissance. |
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Florence, Milan,
Venice, Pisa. Genoa and Naples |
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| English author who wrote “Annals of Agriculture.” He put all agrarian information into one book. It trickled down into every class, even the peasantry were learning how to farm well. |
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| Stage of rural development with wage workers and hand tools that preceded the factory industry. |
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| Times when peasents had to work for lords of a certain plot of land, which eventually ended along with the Old Regime in the rise of the industrial revolution, cottage industry, putting-out system, etc. |
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| series of strict laws involving the hunting in England. These laws included that those renting property could not hunt, That the poor/the merchants could not hunt, etc. The reason given for these laws was that “Hunting would undermine their work habits.” |
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| The Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations |
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| Adam Smith’s book. Said to be the basis of modern economics. It was critical of 18th century mercantilism and advocated a free market economy. |
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| after popultation explosion had the largest population |
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| Coachmen of the nobles who, while giving them a ride to town, would hide meat in the carriage and sell it on the “black market” while their noble was away. |
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| 3-4 days a month peasants were subjected to public works like building roads and draining swamps (like the robot). Produced problems and resentment. |
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| the products made by the cottage system were too diverse, so the merchants built large barns and you would just show up and he would tell you how. |
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| the women who would go out and pick up the extra bits of grain from the field. Food was sparse so it was precious |
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| promoted selective breeding |
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| leader in drainage. Because of him, swampy areas could be drained and used for agriculture. |
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| A 20% income tax that the French monarchy tried to force the nobles to pay. It was very poorly enforced, and hardly any nobles paid it. |
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| the two ways you became a noble, by either paying a bunch of money or fighting in wars to do it. |
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| Problems in Cottage Industry |
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| The goods weren’t standardized so the sizes, quality, etc varied a lot. Theft- the merchants sometimes cheated the peasants out of the money they deserved. |
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| The bubonic plague is a disease of rats, specifically the BLACK rat because it’s flea is the principal carrier of the plague. After 1600, a new, brown (also called wander) rat of asiatic origin started to drive out and eventually eliminate the black rat. The brown rat can carry the plague but it’s main parasite carries the plague poorly and doesn’t like human blood. |
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| was primarily controlled by England, for they had a lot of land that connected to atlantic. Plus England had strong navy. Trade became dominated by Britain, rooted in their attitude toward mercantilism and that “profit and power” be considered and a nation’s wealth be spent privately as well as publicly. Navigation Acts, British navy, and their colonies helped them thrive. Page 645 in our book, triangular trade type deal. Slave trade & major exchange of goods. |
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| Part of the effort to keep the peasants down. Rich people created large areas of land on which only they could hunt. |
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| types of foods consisted of dandelions, grass, tree bark, and chestnuts. They ate these substitute foods to escape starvation. |
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