Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP Euro Expansion of Europe and Enlightenment IDs
Moo with me.
17
History
10th Grade
10/17/2010

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Open-field system
Definition
Used during the Middle Ages. Divided a community's land into narrow strips, which were given to individual families. Inefficient.
Term
Enclosure movement
Definition
Took place in England during the late 17th and 18th centuries. Fenced off the open fields to enable large landowners to employ crop rotation.
Term
Mercantilism
Definition
A system developed by various European states to create a favorable balance of trade with their colonies or other states. Created an imbalance of exports over imports to get more gold and silver, which was used to cover government and military costs.
Term
Adam Smith
Definition
Wrote The Wealth of Nation in 1776. Argued that government should get out of the way of the economy and let the "invisible hand" of competition take over. Laissez-faire economic theory- individuals should be able to pursue their own economic interests. Laid the basis for the development of capitalism. An economic reformer, or physiocrat.
Term
Discourse on Method
Definition
Written by Descartes in 1637. "I think, therefore I am." God exists because a perfect being would have existence as part of its nature.
Term
Nicolaus Copernicus
Definition
Polish astronomer. Heliocentric conception of the universe- the sun is at the center and the earth orbits around it. Wrote Concerning the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies.
Term
Isaac Newton
Definition
Principia Mathematica in 1687: the law of universal gravitation. Natural laws governing the universe.
Term
Deism
Definition
A movement based on the belief that religion and reason could be combined.
Term
Scientific revolution
Definition
16th and 17th centuries. Refined astronomy and physics. Also saw improvements in mathematics and medicine, and the establishment of learned societies dedicated to the advancement of science.
Term
The Enlightenment
Definition
An intellectual movement that advocated the application of the principles of the Scientific Revolution to an understanding of all life.
Term
Madame Geoffrin
Definition
Ran the most famous salon (gathering of intellectuals) in Paris.
Term
Voltaire
Definition
French writer. Wrote Letters on the English, which praised England while indirectly critiqueing France, in 1733, and Candide, a satire on war and the power of the aristocracy and the clergy, in 1759.
Term
Rousseau
Definition
French writer. Wrote Emile, a book on education, and The Social Contract, which advocated majority rule (the "general will"), in 1762. Concept of the "noble savage;" man is corrupted by society.
Term
Baron de Montesquieu
Definition
Wrote Persian Letters, a satire written in the form of reports sent home by two Persian visitors to Paris, in 1721, and The Spirit of the Laws, an analysis of government arguing for a three-branch government characterized by seperation of powers and checks and balances, in 1748.
Term
Francois Quesnay
Definition
Laissez-faire economics. Believed that government should remove all restrictions on free trade and let the laws of supply and demand operate for the good of society.
Term
Mary Wollstonecraft
Definition
English writer and feminist. Vindication of the Rights of Woman, published in 1792. Argued that opression of women was contradictory to Enlightenment principles.
Term
Fall of Constantinople
Definition
Ottoman Turks in 1453. Capture of the capital of the Byzantine empire.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!