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AP Euro Democracy, Depression, Dictatorship, and Agression
Do you ever feel like a plastic bag- drifting through the wind, wanting to start again?
41
History
10th Grade
02/20/2011

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Term
The Irish Question
Definition
The granting of eventual independence to Southern Ireland after failure to suppress rebellion.
Term
Statute of Westminster
Definition
Formally recognized the equality of the British Dominions, such as Canada and Australia.
Term
Commonwealth of Nations
Definition
An organization of countries that were formerly part of the British Empire. Members enjoyed special trading privileges.
Term
Raymond Poincare
Definition
Prime minister of France. In 1922, when the Germans managed to pay only part of that year's reparation bill, sent troops to occupy the mineral-rich Ruhr Valley in Western Germany.
Term
Dawes Plan / Young Plan
Definition
Pared down German payments and diminished the ability of the French to collect.
Term
isolationism
Definition
A foreign policy in which a country abstains from political or economic relations with other countries.
Term
tariffs
Definition
Taxes on imports.
Term
Great Depression
Definition
Began in 1929. Contributing factors included buying stocks on large margins, an unsustainable stock bubble, adjustment from a wartime economy to a peaceful one, increased mechanization creating structural unemployment, changes in international patterns of trade, and declines in consumption caused by the aftermath of World War I.
Term
age of anxiety
Definition
The period after World War I. The traditional assumption of the perfectibility of mankind collapsed under the weight of events of new ideas.
Term
Friedrich Nietzche
Definition
German philosopher.
Term
Sigmund Freud
Definition
An Austrian psychologist who portrayed human behavior as the interplay of powerful irrational and unconcious forces.
Term
Max Planck
Definition
German scientist. Demonstrated that atoms were not the basic building blocks of the universe.
Term
stream of conciousness
Definition
A literary style focusing on the portrayal of an individual's random thoughts and feelings. Reflected the prevailing view of human life as alienated, irrational, and chaotic.
Term
James Joyce
Definition
Irish novelist and poet. Wrote Ulysses, a stream-of-conciousness work.
Term
Virginia Woolf
Definition
English author. Wrote Mrs. Dalloway and A Room of One's Own.
Term
Werner Heisenberg
Definition
German physicist. Asserted the uncertainty principle of quantumn theory.
Term
uncertainty principle
Definition
States that the position and velocity of a particle cannot be measured at the same time.
Term
expressionism
Definition
An artistic movement that distorted the world and presented it subjectively in order to evoke moods or ideas. Originated in Germany at the start of the 20th century.
Term
impressionism
Definition
Artistic movement beginning in France with Monet. Focused on presenting an impression infused with the painter's emotion rather than a realistic portrayal.
Term
cubism
Definition
An artistic style that depicted mood through the use of geometric angles, planes, and clashing lines. Invented by Pablo Picasso.
Term
surrealism
Definition
Developed in Paris in the early 1920s. Grew out of the Dada movement. Focused on the influence of the unconscious mind.
Term
functionalism
Definition
A school of architecture emphasizing buildings designed with practicality and clean lines instead of ornamentation.
Term
cult of celebrity
Definition
The ironic glorification of people who portrayed individuals other than themselves.
Term
Roaring Twenties
Definition
Another name for the 1920s.
Term
stock market crash
Definition
1929. Began the Great Depression.
Term
John Maynard Keynes
Definition
English economist. Warned that if people did not consume enough or invest enough, national income would fall. Inspired FDR's New Deal.
Term
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Definition
Part of FDR's New Deal. Protected individual depositors against bank failures.
Term
The New Deal
Definition
Implemented by Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR.) A series of programs and reforms, such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which protected individual depositors against bank failures; the Civilian Conservation Corps, which improved the ecology while providing jobs for young people, and the Social Security Act, which guaranteed benefits to seniors, that revitalized the U.S. economy. Created a social welfare state with the obligation to relieve economic hardship while it preserved a modified and revitalized American capitalism.
Term
French New Deal
Definition
Instituted by socialist Leon Blum, who was prime minister under the Popular Front banner. Offered labor and agricultural reforms similar to those in the United States, but was ineffective in ending the depression.
Term
Benito Mussolini
Definition
Organized the Fascist party.
Term
Fascism
Definition
A combination of socialism and nationalism. The corporate state was its economic core: labor unions manage and control industry, setting the nation's political agenda. Loyalty is strongly encouraged; authority flows from the top.
Term
March on Rome
Definition
1922. Caused the Italian government to collapse and won Mussolini the right to organize a new government. King Victor Emmanuel III granted him dictatorial powers for one year to end the nation's social unrest.
Term
Weimar Constitution
Definition
Drafted in July 1919. Set up Germany's first modern democracy. Provided for a directly elected president and parliament (the Reichstag,) set up a senate (the Reichrat) to represent the German states, a chancellor (prime minister) who represented the majority party of the Reichstag, and a cabinet to run the government.
Term
Adolf Hitler
Definition
Lead the Nazi party. Advocated an aggressive foreign policy. Drew on theories of scientific racism to insist that Aryans (people who came from Europe's original racial stock) were better.
Term
National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazis)
Definition
Lead by Hitler. Advocated militarism, the destruction of non-Aryans, the subordination of individuals to the state, and the reinforcement of traditional roles for women.
Term
Dachau
Definition
The first concentration camp. Opened in March 1933.
Term
Nuremberg Laws
Definition
1935. Stripped Germany's Jews of their rights as citizens.
Term
Kristallnacht
Definition
"Night of the Broken Glass." Nazi mobs wrecked Jewish homes, temples, and stores.
Term
Holocaust
Definition
The Nazi's systematic extermination of Jews in Germany and eventually throughout Europe.
Term
Anti-Comintern Pact
Definition
A pact made between Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan in 1936. Directed against the Soviet Union. Italy joined in 1937.
Term
Mein Kampf
Definition
Hitler's autobiography. Written during his prison sentence after the failure of the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923.
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