Term
| French financial weakness |
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Definition
-taxation
-the government had to fund the army which wasted
government money
-war |
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Term
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Definition
-represented the balance of power principle in operation
-completed the decline of Spain as a great power
-expanded the Bristish empire
-the end of French expansionist policy
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Term
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Definition
-ruled by the grace of God
-the beginning of divine right |
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Term
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Definition
| -oligrachies of wealthy merchants and financiers |
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Term
| War of Spanish Succession;causes and results |
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Definition
;-provoked by the territorial disputes of the previous century
-also, the dynastic question of the succession to the Spanish
throne
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-results
-Louis’ grandson Philip was king of Spain
-France surrendered Newfoundland, Nova, Scotia, and the
Hudson Bay territory to England |
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Term
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Definition
-lack of middle class
-no flow of sliver |
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Term
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Definition
-Henry’s chief minister
-with Henry, he restored public order in France and laid the
foundations for economic prosperity
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Term
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Definition
-royal commissioners
-transmitted info from local communities to Paris and
delivered royal orders from the capital to their generalites
-were appointed directly by the monarch
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Term
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Definition
| -created absolutism in France-was shown in his administrative system |
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Term
| Richelieu’s domestic policies; foreign policies |
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Definition
| -the nobles were the biggest threat-the foreign ones were against the Hapsburg |
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Term
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Definition
-in 1651
-by Cromwell
-it required that all English goods be transported on English
ships
-it was a great boost to the development of an English
merchant marine
-it brought about a short but successful war with the Dutch |
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Term
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Definition
-became Catholic so that they would be able to go to
Versailles
-if they knew Louis XIV, they got offices
-they left Calvinism
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Term
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Definition
-English philosopher and political theorist
-in Leviathan, he maintains that sovereignty is derived
from the people, who transfer it to the monarchy by
implicit contrast
-his view did not please anyone
-people and monarchy
-said that “life is nasty, brutal, and short” |
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Term
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Definition
-the Peace of Utrecht, signed in 1713 to end the war,
marked the beginning of the Dutch economic decline |
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Term
| Richelieu’s justification |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-the events of 1688-1689
-it established the principle that sovereignty was divided
between the king and Parliament and that the king ruled
with the consent of the governed
-this was the social contract |
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Term
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Definition
-controller general of finances
-central principle was that the wealth and the economy of
France should serve the state
-applied mercantilism to France |
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Term
| Dutch overseas imperialism |
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Definition
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Term
| French classicism: characteristics; authors |
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Definition
| -it was the art and literature of the age of Louis XIV |
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Term
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Definition
-enjoyed the highest standard of living in Europe
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Term
| English society in 16th and 17th centuries |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-his book was called Second Treatise of Civil Government
-said that people set up civil governments to protect life,
liberty, and property
-a government that oversteps its proper function becomes a
tyranny
-linked economic liberties and private property with
political freedom
-his idea that there are natural or universal rights are
equally valid for all people and societies were especially
popular in colonial America |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Calvin’s business success |
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Definition
| -the protestant work ethic |
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Term
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Definition
-the rule of Cromwell
-constituted military dictatorship |
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Term
| caused crisis in France 1688-1694 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-in 1660
-it reestablished the monarchy in the person of Charles II
-both houses of Parliament were restored
-it did not resolve two things:
-the attitude of the state toward Puritans, Catholics, and
dissenters
-the constitutional position of the king |
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Term
| Revolutionary consequences 17th century |
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Definition
-agricultural and manufacturing crises had political
consequences -grain yields declined
-smaller harvests=food shortages
-industry suffered
-output of wooden textiles declined |
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Term
| sovereignty: characteristics; basic patterns |
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Definition
-a state that possesses a monopoly over the instruments of
justice and the use of force within clearly defined boundaries |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-sought to direct all facets of a state’s culture
-the rule is total regulation |
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Term
| Henry IV; domestic policies |
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Definition
-“Henry the Great”
-inherited an enormous mess
-cared about his people unlike any other king
-the only king whose statue the Paris crowd did not tear
down in the Revolution of 1789
-tired to gain Protestant confidence by issuing the Edict of
Nantes in 1589 and by appointing devout Protestant Sully
as his chief prime minister
-lowered taxes on overburdened peasants
-introduced the paulette, an annual fee paid by royal
officials to guarantee heredity in their offices
-combined taxes |
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Term
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Definition
-a group of philologists who were interested in grammar
and rhetoric
-with Richelieu’s encouragement, the French Academy
began the preparation of a dictionary to standardize the
French language
-it was a prestige society |
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Term
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Definition
-by Richelieu
-said “I have always said that finances are the sinews of the
state”
-finances are the muscles of the state |
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Term
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Definition
-“Sun King”
-during his reign, the French monarchy reached the peak of
absolutist development |
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Term
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Definition
-Louis XIV’s royal court
-required all great nobles of France to live there
-in the 17th c., it became a model of rational order, the
center of France, and a perfect symbol of the king’s power |
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Term
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Definition
-published to create a “temporary” situation of religious
toleration to promote temporary religious and civil concord
between Calvinists, Reformed, or Huguenots faith and
Roman Catholicism
-ended political and military independence |
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Term
| Louis’ wars/the French Army |
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Definition
| -consisted of 25,000 men-after the treaty of Pyrenees, composed of 250,000 |
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Term
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Definition
-secretary of state for war
-created a professional army that was modern in the sense
that the French state employed the soldiers |
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Term
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Definition
-by Cervantes
-a great masterpiece of world literature |
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Term
| constitutionalism;different from democracy? |
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Definition
-limitation of government by law-implies a balance between authority and power of the
government on one hand and the rights and liberties of the
subjects on the other hand
-may take a republican or monarchial form
-ruled by law
-DIFFERENCE
-in a democracy, all people have the right to participate
either directly or indirectly in the government of the state
-democratic government is tied up with the franchise, or the
vote |
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Term
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Definition
-people who wanted to “purify” the Anglican church of
Roman Catholic elements
-believed that the Reformation had not gone far enough |
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Term
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Definition
-was compelled to summon Parliament because he had to
finance an army to put down the Scots
-quarreled with Parliament over his right to collect customs
duties on wine and wool and over what the Commons
perceived as religious innovations |
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Term
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Definition
-sat from 1640-1660
-proceeded to enact legislation that limited the power of the
monarchy and made arbitrary government impossible |
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Term
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Definition
-in 1641, it was passed by the Commons
-compelled the king to summon Parliament every 3 years |
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Term
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Definition
-1642-1649
-tested whether sovereignty in England was to reside in the
king or Parliament
-ended with the execution of king Charles on charge of
high treason
-it was between Parliament (the Roundheads) and Charles
army (Cavaliers) |
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Term
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Definition
-1653
-a constitution be the army
-invested executive power in a lord protector, Cromwell,
and a council of state
-gave parliament the sole power to raise taxes |
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Term
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Definition
-a council of five men who served as both Charles II’s
major advisers and as members of Parliament
-was answerable in Parliament for the decisions of the king |
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Term
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Definition
-a small private room where English rulers consulted their
chief ministers |
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Term
| the Golden Age of the Netherlands |
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Definition
| -an unparalleled flowering of Dutch scientific, artistic, and literary achievement during the 17th century |
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Term
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Definition
-a joint stock company
-made a lot of money for the Dutch
-traded with Latin America and Africa
-also, cut into the Portuguese trading in East Asia |
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Term
| Administrative policy by Richelieu |
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Definition
| -shows his constructive genius-extended the use of intendants |
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Term
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Definition
-a collection of government policies for the regulation of
economic activities, especially commercial activities by
and for the state |
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Term
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Definition
-law was to be made in Parliament; once made, it could not
be suspended by the Crown
-Parliament was to be consulted every 3 years
-Parliament was free in the sense that the Crown was one to
interfere with them
-judges held offices “during good behavior”
-no standing army in peacetime |
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