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AP EURO - chapter 10
Renaissance and Discovery
23
History
12th Grade
01/24/2009

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Cards

Term

Petrarch

(1304-1374)

Definition
  • "Father of Humanism"
  • Letters to the Ancient Dead, Africa (an epic poem), Lives of Illustrious Men
  • Most famous for his love sonnets to Laura
  • Classical and Christian values are present in his works
Term

Boccaccio

(1313-1375)

Definition
  • Student and friend of Petrarch
  • Decameron- stinging social commentary about men and women hiding out from the plague.
  • Assembled an encyclopedia of Greek and Roman mythology
Term

Dante

(1265-1321)

Definition
  • Vita Nuova & Divine Comedy- form the cornerstone of Italian vernacular literature
Term

Humanism

 

Definition
  • the scholarly study of the Latin and Greek classics and of the ancient church founders
  • advocated studia humanitatis, a liberal arts program
  • first humanists were oraters and poets
Term

Renaissance Art Advancements

Definition
  • concerned with the observation of the natural world and human emotions
  • chiaroscuro- shading
  • linear perspective- adjusting the size of figures to give a feeling of continuity
  • symmetry and proportionality
Term

Leonardo Da Vinci

(1452-1519)

Definition
  • exhibited Renaissance ideals more than any other person
  • advocated scientific experimentation, dissected corpses, and was a botanist
  • Mona Lisa- shows his skill in conveying inner moods through complex facial expressions
Term

Raphael

(1483-1520)

Definition
  • most famous for his madonnas
  • praised for his fresco The School of Athens, which depicts Plato and Aristotle surrounded by the great philosophers of antiquity
Term

Michelangelo

(1475-1564)

Definition
  • glorification of the human form, symmetry, proportion, and harmony
  • most famous for frescoes for the Sistine Chapel
Term

Giotto

(1266-1336)

Definition
  • father of Renassiance painting
  • painted a more natural world than his predecessors, although it was still religous
Term

Donatello

(1386-1466)

Definition
  • famous for his depiction of David standing on the head of Goliath.
  • It is the earliest free standing nude made in the West since Roman times
Term

Machiavelli

(1469-1527)

Definition
  • a humanist
  • had strong republic ideals and wanted the republic in Italy to survive
  • The Prince (1513)- advised rulers how to behave (both a lion and a fox) in order to obtain a unified Italy
Term

The Printing Press

Definition
  • Johann Gutenberg
  • allowed for books to be produced rapidly
  • literacy deeply affected people everywhere, as it was a sign of status and authority
  • allowed humanists to voney their ideals to laypeople and clerics alike
Term

Erasmus

(1466?-1536)

Definition
  • the most famous of the northern humanists
  • Colloquies- a collection of Latin dialogues intended to teach his students how to speak and live well, but elaborated to be satires on popluar religious supersition as well.
  • Adages- collection of ancient and contemporary proverbs
  • aspired to unite classical ideals of humanity and civic virtue with Christian ideals
  • produced a Greek version of the New Testament
  • Books were placed on the Index of Forbidden books
Term

Thomas More

(1478-1535)

 

Definition
  • the best known English humanist
  • Utopia (1516)- depicts an imaginary society in which all property and goods are shared and people earns their food by doing work.
  • Henry VIII's best dimplomat, but executed after he refused to recognize Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn.
Term

Henry the Navigator

 

Definition
portugese prince who sponsored the portugese exploration of the African cost in a rush for GOLD
Term
Bartholomeu Dias
Definition
  • rounded the Cape of Good Hope, opening the Portugese Empire in the East
Term
Vasco da Gama
Definition
  • reached the coast of India and brought back a huge amount of goods
Term
The Aztecs of Mexico
Definition
  • began a period of rapid conquest in 1428, and included all of central Mexico at the time of the Spanish conquest
  • 1519 Cortes landed in Mexico and his forces defeated the Aztecs, claiming Mexico as New Spain
Term
The Incas of Peru
Definition
  • Conquered by Pizarro, but effective royal control was not established until the late 1560's
Term
Encomienda
Definition
a formal grant of the right to the labor a specific number of Indians for a particular period of time
Term
Repartimentiento
Definition

required adult male Indians to devote a certain number of days of labor anually to Spanish economic enterprises

  • was often very harsh, and many did not survive
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