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AP EURO CH. 13
Chapter 13 ID's
44
History
10th Grade
09/21/2011

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Term
Renaissance
Definition

Rebirth” of culture 14-16th century. Dramatic changes in the way of the arts. Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance. Significance on the human body rather than of the outside world. Emphasis on ideas of humanism,secularism and individualism

Term
Communes
Definition
associations of men in Italian cities such as Milan, Florence, Genoa, and Pisa who sought political and economic independence from local nobles; members of communes wanted self-government
Term
Popolo
Definition
disenfranchised people in Italian communes who resented their exclusion from power
Term
Signori
Definition
despots or one man rulers(dictator-like rulers)-rule that triumphed most in Italy
Term
Oligarchies
Definition
the rule of the merchant aristocracies-form of government used most widely in the most of Italy.
Term

Princely courts

Definition
the place or space where despots or oligarchs lived, conducted business, and displayed their wealth and patronage of the arts
Term
Republic 417
Definition
non-monarchical government in which political power theoretically resides in the people and is exercised by its chosen representatives
Term
Individualism 421
Definition
 another basic feature of the Italian renaissance stressing personality, uniqueness, genius, self-consciousness
Term
Humanism 422
Definition
term first used by Florentine rhetorician Leonard Bruni as a general word for "the new learning" the critical study of Latin and Greek literature, with the goal of realized human potential
Term
Secularism 421
Definition
attitude that tends to find the ultimate explanation of everything and the final end of human beings in what reason and the senses can discover, rather than in any spiritual or transcendental belief
Term
The Prince 1513,431
Definition
treatise by Machiavelli on ways to gain, keep and expand power, because of its subsequent impact probably the most important literary work of the Renaissance
Term
Gabelle and taille
Definition

G taxes on salt

T taxes on land

Term
Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges 444
Definition
statement of French king Charles VII asserting royal control over church appointments and the superiority of a general council over the papacy. 
Term
Royal Council,444
Definition
the body of men who happened to be with the king at a given time and usually including his chief officials; renaissance princes tended to prefer middle class councilors to noble ones
Term
Court of Star Chamber,445
Definition
 a division of the English royal council, a court that used Roman legal procedures to curb real or potential threats from the nobility, the court so called because there were stars painted on the ceiling of the chamber in which the court sat
Term
Justices of the Peace,445
Definition
English local officials in the shires appointed by the crown and given wide authority in local government
Term
hermandades,445
Definition
 popular groups in Spanish towns given royal authority to serve as local police forces and as judicial tribunals with the goal of reducing aristocratic violence
Term
New Christians,447
Definition
term applied to Jews who accepted Christianity but since many had become Christian centuries earlier, the word "new" is not accurate; Spanish nationalism stressed "purity of blood."
Term
Rabelais
Definition

writer of Gargantua and Pantagruel, a book that can be looked at in may different perspectives made fun of French social life. Believed institutions modeled humans.

Term
Lorenzo de' Medici
Definition

Power of Florence,contributed to the arts by paying and supporting artists

Term
Piero de' Medici
Definition

son of Lorenzo who went to a French camp seeking peace and the Florentine s exiled the Medici and restored republican government

Term
Pope Alexander VI
Definition

aided his son Cesare Borgia both militarily and politically and reasserted papal authority in the papal lands. Corrupted his lands.

Term
Cesare Borgia
Definition

Considered the hero of Machiavelli's The Prince because he initiated the work of uniting the peninsula by conquering and exacting total obedience from the principalities making up the Papal states.

Term
Savonarola
Definition

predicted the French invasion at Florence. Attacked the pagnaismand moral vice of the city Lorenzo de'Medici's undemocratic government and the corruption of Alexander VI

Term
Ghiberti
Definition
sculptor and goldsmith painted the doors to the batistery of Florence's catherdral, and another set of doors which was called " The Gates to Paradise". Also wrote one of the first Autobiographies.
Term
Jan Van Eyck
Definition

painted realistic works and paid attention to human personality Northern Renaissance artist

Term
Pope Leo X
Definition
son of Lorenzo de' Medici encouraged secularism permitted the sales of indulgences helped finance the rebuilding of St peters Baslica.
Term
Linear Perspective
Definition
showed things far away small and things that were closer larger. representation of distance and space on a flat surface.
Term
International Style
Definition

emphasized color, decorative detail, and curvilinear rhythms

Term
Petrarch
Definition
father of Humanism respected the Roman empire First to really see the beginning of a new age.
Term
Lorenzo Valla
Definition

wrote On Pleasure defending the pleasure of the senses as the highest use

Term
Boccaccio
Definition

wrote Deccameron that showed a more secular and worldly society

Term
Castiglione
Definition

Wrote the Courtier describing the ideal gentlemen

Term
Gutenberg
Definition

Revolutionized the printing press which stimulated literacy,porn and people could own a bible and read it for themselves and interprete it

Term
King Charles VIII
Definition
He tried to claim Italy to himself because he realized its wealth. He only suceeds in taking over Rome,Florence, Naples but is thrown out because of a previous agreement with SPain and GErmany
Term
King Louis XI
Definition

said to have led ledership according to Machiavelli's book The Prince. Expanded the French state and set the foundations for the French absolutisim

Term
Maximilian 
Definition
Formed League of Cambria with Louis XII to try to strip Venice of its mainland pocessions
Term
Charles V
Definition

ushered age of recovery and ended the civil war

Term
Thomas More
Definition

Wrote Utopia and believed that society not people need to be improved. Lawyer and minister.

Term
War of the Roses
Definition
Consecutive wars fought for the crown of England
Term
Ferdinand and Isabella
Definition

Had supreme royal authority,monarch government. Expelled Jews from Spain.

Term
Requonquista
Definition
Conquest of Spain from the Muslims.medieval Christian conquest of the Iberian peninsula (present-day Spain and Portugal) from the Moslem forces, who had invaded the area in 711
Term
Usury 
Definition
to loan money with interest
Term
Brunelleschi
Definition
Built the dome catherdral in Florence, Architect and sculpter. Pioneered perspective in painting.
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