Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP Chapter 8
The rise of islam, 600-1200.
16
History
10th Grade
01/01/2012

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Shi'ites
Definition
Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Shi'ism is the state religion of Iran.
Term
Sunnis
Definition
Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries. 
Term
Mecca
Definition
City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion. 
Term
Muhammad
Definition

570-632 CE.

Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam.

Term
Muslim
Definition
An adherent of the Islamic religion; a person who "submits" (in Arabic, Islam means "submission") to the will of God. 
Term
Islam
Definition
Religion expounded by the Prophet Muhammad (570-632 C.E.) on the basis of his reception of divine revelations, which were collected after his death into the Quran. In the tradition of Judaism and Christianity, and sharing much of their lore, Islam calls on all people to recognize one creator god-Allah-who rewards or punishes believers after death according to how they led their lives.
Term
Medina
Definition
City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca.
Term
Umma
Definition
The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community.
Term
Caliphate
Definition
Office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire; also the name of that empire. 
Term
Quran
Definition
Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam. 
Term
Umayyad Caliphate
Definition
First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs (661 to 750). From their capital at Damascus, the Umayyads ruled an empire that extended from Spain to India. Overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate.
Term
Abbasid Caliphate
Definition
Descendants of the Prophet Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad (founded 762) from 750 to 1258. 
Term
Mamluks
Definition
Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria (1250-1517).
Term
Ghana
Definition
First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Also the modern West African country once known as the Gold Coast. 
Term
Ulama
Definition
Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. 
Term
Hadith
Definition
A tradition relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad; next to the Quran, the most important basis for Islamic law. 
Supporting users have an ad free experience!