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AP American Unit 1
N/A
97
History
11th Grade
01/24/2010

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Term
Royal Charter
Definition
A title or deed for establishing an overseas colony that is sponsored by a king.
Term
Proprietary Charter
Definition
A title or deed for establishing an overseas colony that is sponsored by a private entrepreneur.
Term
Corporate Charter
Definition
A title or deed for establishing an overseas colony that is sponsored by a joint-stock company.
Term
House of Burgesses
Definition
The Virginia legislature and start of democracy.
Term
Mayflower Compact
Definition
Direct democracy / majority rule established (Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620).
Term
Theocratic Government
Definition
A government ruled by or subject to religious authority.
Term
Aristocratic Government
Definition
A government ruled by a privileged, primarily hereditary, ruling class.
Term
Democratic / Republican Government
Definition
A form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.
Term
Town Meetings
Definition
Northeast. Men met in town halls and debated and voted for laws.
Term
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Definition
1639: A rough draft of a constitution for the Puritan settlements.
Term
New England Confederation
Definition
1643: Four Puritan colonies (Mass. Bay, Plymouth, New Haven, and scattered colonies in Connecticut) come together for defense against enemies. Each colony received two votes for inter-colonial problems. A first big step towards colonial unity.
Term
Dominion of New England
Definition
1686: Similar to New England Confederation. Created by the crown and included all of New England (also added NY and E and W NJ later). Promoted the efficiency of English Navigation Laws. Headed by Sir Edmund Andros.
Term
English Navigation Laws / Mercantilist Laws
Definition
Stated America could only trade with colonies ruled by England.
Term
Bacon's Rebellion
Definition
1676: A series of riots led by Nathaniel Bacon. Caused by unhappy old indentured servants with no land. Crushed by Governor William Berkeley.
Term
Sir Edmund Andros
Definition
The head of the Dominion of New England.
Term
Enlightenment Philosophy
Definition
Spread through much of Europe in the eighteenth century. Motivated the signing of the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights.
Term
England's Glorious Revolution
Definition
1688: Parliament deposes Roman Catholic King James II and puts Protestant King William III and Queen Mary II on the throne.
Term
Salutary Neglect
Definition
British policy that avoided the strict enforcement of parliamentary laws in the American colonies. Lasted from around 1607 to 1763 and allowed for American trade relations outside of Britain to flourish. Ended by the Stamp Act and Sugar Act.
Term
French and Indian War
Definition
Started when a group of Virginians led by George Washington lay claim to the Ohio Valley (where France is setting up forts to command the Ohio River). This clash expands into the French and Indian War, which then expands into the Seven Years' War.
Term
Albany Congress' Plan of Union
Definition
An early attempt headed by Benjamin Franklin to form a union of the colonies that would remain under the authority of the British Crown. It was rejected but later was used in writing the Articles of Confederation.
Term
Treat of Paris (1763)
Definition
Ended the French and Indian War / Seven Years' War.
Term
Pontiac's Rebellion
Definition
Indians rebel against British policies after the French and Indian War.
Term
Proclamation of 1763
Definition
Organized Britain's North American empire and tried to stabilize Indian relations through trade.
Term
Admiralty Courts
Definition
Designed to enforce the Navigation Laws, primarily in New England. Hated by the colonists.
Term
Sugar Act
Definition
1764: Tax revenue and duty of West Indies sugar raised.
Term
Quartering Act
Definition
1765: Certain colonies were required to provide food / shelter to British troops.
Term
Stamp Act
Definition
1765: Mandated the use of stamped paper on certain items.
Term
Stamp Act Congress
Definition
A statement with rights and grievances drawn up in response to the Stamp Act and other British actions that were deemed to be unfair (ie. trial by jury and colonists should have the same rights as Englishmen).
Term
Declaratory Act
Definition
1766: Saved face for the British Parliament after the Stamp Act was repealed.
Term
Sons of Liberty
Definition
A patriotic, secret society that originally opposed the Stamp Act but expanded to support American independence.
Term
Townshend Acts
Definition
1767: A light import was placed on certain items. An indirect customs duty was also put in place that was used to pay royal workers in America.
Term
Boston Massacre
Definition
March 5, 1770: A fight between Boston citizens and red coats where five civilians die. Details are sketchy.
Term
Gaspee Incident
Definition
1772: A rowdy group of Rhode Island merchants catch a British merchant vessel and burn it to promote a message.
Term
"Common Sense"
Definition
1776: A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that supported a revolution against Britain.
Term
Committees of Correspondence
Definition
Bodies organized by local governments for the purpose of rallying opposition for common causes and establishing plans for collective action.
Term
Boston Tea Party
Definition
1773: Colonists disguised as Indians dump tea into the Boston harbor.
Term
Quebec Act
Definition
1774: The boundary of Quebec is extended to the Ohio River. The French are guaranteed their Catholic religion and are allowed to retain their old traditions. The colonists are alarmed.
Term
Galloway Plan of Union
Definition
1774: Limited home rule in the colonies where Parliament could veto any decision. It didn't take hold.
Term
First Continental Congress
Definition
1774: Called in response to the Intolerable Acts. Tried to redress colonial grievances. The Declaration of Rights and The Association were drawn up.
Term
The Association
Definition
A complete boycott of British goods.
Term
Second Continental Congress
Definition
1776: Adopted the Declaration of Independence.
Term
Lexington and Concord
Definition
1775: "Minute men" don't disperse quickly enough. Eight Americans are killed.
Term
Olive Branch Petitition
Definition
A last attempt by colonists to come to peace with England. Denied by George III.
Term
Declaration of Independence
Definition
1776: Approved by the Second Continental Congress, written by Thomas Jefferson. You know the drill.
Term
Battle of Saratoga
Definition
1777: Burgoyne (British) surrenders to Gates (Colonies). A turning point in the American Revolution.
Term
French Alliance
Definition
1778: French ally with the U.S. The U.S. is unhappy but need the help and can't say no.
Term
State Constitutions
Definition
Each colony drew up their own constitution. James Madison based the U.S. Constitution off of these.
Term
Articles of Confederation
Definition
1781: The first constitution of the U.S. Gave states sovereignty over the majority of government functions and gave almost no power to the federal government.
Term
Battle of Yorktown
Definition
1781: American victory by Washington and Rochambeau over British General Cornwallis. The last major land battle of the American Revolution.
Term
Treaty of Paris (1783)
Definition
Ended the American Revolution.
Term
Joint-Stock Company
Definition
Investors pooled their capital towards a common goal.
Term
Staple Crops
Definition
Crops that were crucial to survival. Grown for sustenance.
Term
Cash Crops
Definition
Crops that were grown primarily for exportation.
Term
Headright System
Definition
Fifty acres were granted to those who brought over indentured servants.
Term
Triangular Trade
Definition
-Sugar, tobacco, and cotton to Europe.
-Textiles, rum, and manufactured goods to Africa.
-Slaves to the Americas.
Term
Enumerated Articles
Definition
Certain crops could not be directly sold (first had to be shipped to England).
Term
Tea Act
Definition
1773: East Indian Company given a monopoly of the American tea market. Colonists upset.
Term
Separatists
Definition
Left the Church of England because they felt it was beyond repair.
Term
Anglicans
Definition
Part of the Church of England.
Term
Puritans
Definition
Wanted reform in the Church of England.
Term
"City Upon A Hill"
Definition
A figurative idea that Puritans based their "perfect" society off of. Also used to convert others.
Term
Jamestown Starving Time
Definition
Winter of 1609-1610. Caused by colonists unwillingness to work (due to their privileged backgrounds).
Term
Plymouth Starving Time
Definition
Winter of 1620-1621. Not as bad as Jamestown.
Term
Antinomianism
Definition
The idea that if you were predestined you didn't have to follow any rules. Popular with Anne Hutchinson and her followers.
Term
Great Migration
Definition
Puritan exodus from England to the U.S.
Term
Halfway Covenant
Definition
Partial membership in the Puritan church.
Term
Maryland
Definition
Founded to be a haven for Roman Catholics.
Term
Act of Toleration
Definition
1649:
-Protected those who believed in the divinity of Jesus
-No Jews or Atheists
Term
Pennsylvania
Definition
Founded by William Penn. Originally a Quaker community.
Term
Yeoman Farmer
Definition
Found in New England and inner southern colonies. Farmers who didn't grow for exports, only for sustenance.
Term
Primogeniture
Definition
Only the eldest son inherited land.
Caused second sons to flock to the New World (nothing for them in England).
Term
"Old" Lights vs. "New" Lights
Definition
Two different styles of preaching. "Old" Lights were orthodox. "New" Lights tried to convert with new ideas.
Term
Tidewater vs. Piedmont
Definition
The best place to grow tobacco was near the coast (Tidewaters). Tidewaters were earlier generations of immigrants who had grown rich off the fertile soil. Piedmonts were generally poorer immigrants who had immigrated later and got stuck with the "leftover" land.
Term
Loyalists
Definition
Generally wealthy and Anglican (definitely NOT Puritan). Exodus to England / Canada during the war. Those who stayed in the colonies suffered.
Term
William Bradford
Definition
A Separatist Puritan leader.
Term
John Winthrop
Definition
A Puritan leader in Massachusetts Bay.
Term
Anne Hutchinson
Definition
Believed in antinomianism. Supposedly had direct contact with God. Exiled.
Term
Roger Williams
Definition
Advocate for separation of church and state.
Term
Thomas Hooker
Definition
A Puritan preacher in Connecticut. Anne Hutchinson confides in him but he betrays her.
Term
King Philip
Definition
The leader of Metacom's Rebellion.
Term
Cotton Mather
Definition
Supervisor behind witch trials.
Researched small pox inoculation.
Term
John Smith
Definition
-Got Jamestown's act together ("Those who shall not work, shall not eat").
-Improved relations with hostile Indians.
Term
John Rolfe
Definition
The father of tobacco. Married Pocahontas.
Term
Cecelius Calvert / Lord Baltimore
Definition
Proprietors of Maryland.
Term
Jonathan Edwards / George Whitefield
Definition
Great Awakening preachers.
Term
The Great Awakening
Definition
1730s/1740s: A period of heightened religious activity.
Term
John Locke
Definition
An Enlightenment thinker who really influenced the ideas in the Declaration of Independence.
Term
Lord North
Definition
Formed some Navigation Laws.
Term
John Adams
Definition
Made the peace treaty with England.
Term
Abigail Adams
Definition
"Remember the ladies."
Term
Samuel Adams
Definition
Formed the first Committee of Correspondence.
Term
Crispus Attucks
Definition
A black man who was killed during the Boston Massacre.
Term
Patrick Henry
Definition
"Give me liberty, or give me death!"
Term
Crevecoeur
Definition
A Frenchman who asked what an American is and observed an "ideal America".
Term
Daniel Leonard
Definition
A Loyalist who created a list detailing why the colonists could not win against Britain.
Term
Richard Henry Lee
Definition
Wrote the first Declaration of Independence. All of his ideas were used in Thomas Jefferson's later version.
Term
Charles Townshend
Definition
A British politician responsible for the Townshend Acts.
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